Two-Photon Permeabilization and Calcium Measurements in Cellular Organelles
Inositol trisphosphate and cyclic ADP-ribose, main intracellular Ca2+ messengers, induce release from the intracellular Ca2+ stores via inositol trisphosphate and ryanodine receptors, respectively. Recently, studies using novel messenger nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) releasing Ca2+ from calcium stores in organelles other than endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have been conducted. However, technical difficulties of Ca2+ measurements in relatively small Ca2+ stores prompted us to develop a new, more sensitive, and less damaging two-photon permeabilization technique. Applied to pancreatic acinar cells, this technique allowed us to show that all three messengers – IP3 , cADPR, and NAADP – release Ca2+ from two intracellular stores: the endoplasmic reticulum and an acidic store in the granular region. This chapter describes a detailed procedure of using this technique with pancreatic acinar cells.
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- Ensemble and Single-Molecule Detected Time-Resolved FRET Methods in Studies of Protein Conformations and Dynamics
- Two-Photon Permeabilization and Calcium Measurements in Cellular Organelles
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