13.220.40 (Ignitability and burning behaviour of m 标准查询与下载

ASTM E1352-08 模型化装软垫的组合家俱的抗烟卷点燃性的标准试验方法

This test method is intended to measure the performance of upholstered furniture material assemblies under conditions of exposure to smoldering cigarettes. This is accomplished by testing furniture assemblies. This test method is recommended for upholstered furniture used in facilities such as hospitals, nursing homes, residential-custodial care and supervisory facilities, or in the public area of facilities such as educational, assembly, or residential occupancies. This test method is not intended to measure the performance of upholstered furniture material assemblies under conditions of open-flame exposure, and does not indicate whether the assemblies will resist the propagation of flame under severe fire exposure or when tested in a manner that differs substantially from the test method. The results obtained with a material assembly tested in mock-up in accordance with this test method do not necessarily indicate the performance of the same material assembly in other geometric configurations, such as in production furniture. 1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard. 1.2 This test method is designed for the assessment of the resistance of upholstered furniture mock-up assemblies to combustion after exposure to smoldering cigarettes under specified conditions. 1.3 Mock-up testing is useful in assessing the relative resistance of combustion of materials used in upholstered furniture such as cover materials, cushioning materials, welts, etc., in representative combinations disregarding the geometric arrangement of the seating surfaces, backs, and sides of furniture items. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Assemblies

ASTM E1474-07 用小型耗氧热量计测定装饰家具和床垫部件或组件的放热率的标准试验方法

This test method is used to determine the time to sustained flaming and heat release of materials and composites exposed to a prescribed heat flux in the cone calorimeter apparatus. Quantitative heat release measurements provide information that can be used for upholstery and mattress product designs and product development. Heat release measurements provide useful information for product development by yielding a quantitative measure of specific changes in fire performance caused by component and composite modifications. Heat release data from this test method will not be predictive of product behavior if the product does not spread flame over its surface under the fire exposure conditions of interest. Test Limitations8212;The test data are invalid if either of the following conditions occur: (1) explosive spalling; or (2) the specimen swells sufficiently prior to ignition to touch the spark plug, or the specimen swells up to the plane of the heater base during combustion.1.1 This fire-test-response test method can be used to determine the ignitability and heat release from the composites of contract, institutional, or high-risk occupancy upholstered furniture or mattresses using a bench scale oxygen consumption calorimeter.1.2 This test method provides for measurement of the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat release, and effective heat of combustion at a constant radiant heat flux of 35 kW/m 2. This test method is also suitable to obtain heat release data at different heating fluxes. The specimen is oriented horizontally, and a spark ignition source is used.1.3 The times to sustained flaming, heat release, and effective heat of combustion are determined using the apparatus and procedures described in Test Method E 1354.1.4 The tests are performed on bench-scale specimens combining the furniture or mattress outer layer components. Frame elements are not included.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or Composites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter

ASTM D4723-07 纺织品易燃性测试方法标准分类索引和描述

1.1 This index provides lists of test methods used in the United States of America and Canada for measuring and describing the properties of textiles and textile products or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions. Military specifications are not included in the listing. Related but separately published sampling plans are not included.1.2 Indices1.2.1 An index of test methods per end use application is found in .1.2.2 An index of test methods by publishing agency or the authority having jurisdiction is found in . The World Wide Web address of the publisher is listed so that the reader can gather specific information on the standard or regulation.1.2.3 Although some research test methods are not included, the listing is reasonably complete for textile items of commerce.1.3 All published ASTM textile methods are included as well as methods useful for, but not necessarily intended exclusively for, textiles.1.4 Some documents are included solely because they may be useful for reference or research purposes.1.5 ASTM assumes no responsibility for the suitability of the listed test methods and performance specifications to describe or appraise the fire hazard of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. Inclusion in this listing does not constitute endorsement by ASTM.1.6 This standard can not be used to provide quantitative measure.

Standard Classification Index of and Descriptions of Textile Flammability Test Methods

ASTM E1822-07 折叠椅的着火测试用标准试验方法

1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method provides a means of determining the burning behavior of stacking chairs used in public occupancies by measuring specific fire-test responses when a stack of chairs is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source under well ventilated conditions.1.3 This test method is limited to stacked chairs.1.4 Test data are obtained describing the burning behavior following application of a specific ignition source, from ignition until all burning has ceased, a period of 1 h has elapsed, or flashover under test conditions appears inevitable.1.5 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of stacked chairs under fire conditions other than those conditions specified in this test method. In particular, this test method does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes. See for further information.1.6 The rate of heat release of the burning test specimen is measured by an oxygen consumption method. See for further information.1.7 Other measurements are the production of light-obscuring smoke and the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases. See for further information.1.8 The burning behavior is documented visually by photographic or video recordings.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.1.11 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Stacked Chairs

ASTM D4723-07e1 纺织品易燃性测试方法标准分类索引和描述

1.1 This index provides lists of test methods used in the United States of America and Canada for measuring and describing the properties of textiles and textile products or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions. Military specifications are not included in the listing. Related but separately published sampling plans are not included.1.2 Indices:1.2.1 An index of test methods per end use application is found in 6.1.1.2.2 An index of test methods by publishing agency or the authority having jurisdiction is found in 6.2. The World Wide Web address of the publisher is listed so that the reader can gather specific information on the standard or regulation.1.2.3 Although some research test methods are not included, the listing is reasonably complete for textile items of commerce.1.3 All published ASTM textile methods are included as well as methods useful for, but not necessarily intended exclusively for, textiles.1.4 Some documents are included solely because they may be useful for reference or research purposes.1.5 ASTM assumes no responsibility for the suitability of the listed test methods and performance specifications to describe or appraise the fire hazard of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. Inclusion in this listing does not constitute endorsement by ASTM.1.6 This standard can not be used to provide quantitative measure.

Standard Classification Index of and Descriptions of Textile Flammability Test Methods

ASTM E1725-07 电气系统部件用耐火阻隔系统的着火试验用标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover fire-test-response.1.2 These fire-test-response test methods provide information on the temperatures recorded on the electrical system component within a fire-resistive barrier system during the period of exposure.1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions1.4 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not addressed by these test methods include, but are not limited to:1.4.1 The performance of the fire-resistive barrier system constructed with components other than those tested.1.4.2 An evaluation of the functionality of the electrical system within the fire-resistive barrier system.1.4.3 An evaluation of the ampacity of the electrical system within the fire-resistive barrier system.1.4.4 An evaluation of the smoke, toxic gases, corrosivity, or other products of heating.1.4.5 A measurement of the flame spread characteristics over the surface of the fire-resistive barrier system.1.4.6 An evaluation of through-penetration sealing methods.1.4.7 Combustibility of materials in the fire-resistive barrier system or of the electrical system components.1.4.8 The need for supports beyond those normally required.1.4.9 Environmental conditions in the area of service.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Fire-Resistive Barrier Systems for Electrical System Components

ASTM E2573-07 评定表面燃烧特征的试样制备和制备场所移动系统安装的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice describes procedures for specimen preparation and mounting when testing a site-fabricated stretch system to assess flame spread and smoke developed as surface-burning characteristics using Test Method E 84.1.2 Testing is conducted with Test Method E 84.1.3 This practice does not provide pass/fail criteria that can be used as a regulatory tool.1.4 Use the values stated in inch-pound units as the standard, in referee decisions. The values in the SI system of units are given in parentheses, for information only; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.1.5 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.1.6 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testing involves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard gives instructions on specimen preparation and mounting, but the fire-test-response method is given in Test Method E 84. See also Section 10.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered requirements of the standard.

Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Site-Fabricated Stretch Systems to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics

ASTM E1537-07 软垫家具着火测试的标准试验方法

1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 The purpose of this test method is to determine the burning behavior of upholstered furniture used in public occupancies by measuring specific fire-test responses when the specimen of furniture is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source under well-ventilated conditions.1.3 Data are obtained describing the burning behavior from a specific ignition source until all burning has ceased, a period of 1 h has elapsed, or flashover appears inevitable.1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of upholstered furniture in fire conditions other than those conditions specified. In particular, this test method does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes. See for further information.1.5 The rate of heat release of the burning specimen is measured by an oxygen consumption method. See for further information.1.6 The production of light obscuring smoke is measured and the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases are determined. See for further information.1.7 The burning behavior is visually documented by photographic or video recordings, whenever possible.1.8 The system of units to be used in referee decisions is the SI system of units, see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 only. The units given in parentheses are for information only.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions1.10 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipmentThis standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furniture

ASTM E2573-07a 评定表面燃烧特征的试样制备和制备场所移动系统安装的标准实施规程

Site-fabricated stretch systems used as interior finish are evaluated with Test Method E 84 to comply with building, fire, or life safety code requirements. This practice describes specimen preparation and mounting procedures for such materials and systems. The limitations for this procedure are those associated with Test Method E 84. Additional Limitations8212;This practice does not apply to test systems that cannot be used to produce self-supporting specimens. If the test specimen is not self-supporting, further guidance can be found in the appendix of Test Method E 84.1.1 This practice describes procedures for specimen preparation and mounting when testing a site-fabricated stretch system to assess flame spread and smoke developed as surface-burning characteristics using Test Method E 84.1.2 Testing is conducted with Test Method E 84.1.3 This practice does not provide pass/fail criteria that can be used as a regulatory tool.1.4 Use the values stated in inch-pound units as the standard, in referee decisions. The values in the SI system of units are given in parentheses, for information only; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.1.5 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.1.6 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testing involves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard gives instructions on specimen preparation and mounting, but the fire-test-response method is given in Test Method E 84. See also Section 10.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered requirements of the standard.

Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Site-Fabricated Stretch Systems to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics

ASTM E1590-07 床垫的防火测试用标准试验方法

1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method provides a means of determining the burning behavior of mattresses used in public occupancies by measuring specific fire test responses when the test specimen, a mattress or mattress with foundation, is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source under well ventilated conditions.1.3 This is a test method for mattresses or mattresses with foundations.1.4 Test data are obtained describing the burning behavior, following application of a specific ignition source, from ignition until all burning has ceased, a period of 1 h has elapsed, or flashover appears inevitable.1.5 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of mattresses under fire conditions other than those specified in this test method. In particular, this test method does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes. See 5.12 for further information.1.6 The rate of heat release of burning test specimen is measured by an oxygen consumption method. See 5.12.4 for further information.1.7 Other measurements are the production of light-obscuring smoke and the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases. See 5.12.5 for further information.1.8 The burning behavior is documented visually by photographic or video recordings.1.9 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are for information only.1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.11 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses

ASTM E2579-07 评估表面燃烧特性的样品制备和木制品安装用标准实施规程

Solid board, lumber and timber products (including solid boards, lumber, timber, fingerjoined lumber, glulam, laminate wood, laminated veneer lumber and parallel strand lumber products); panel products (including fibreboard, hardboard, oriented strandboard, waferboard and plywood panel products); decorative wood products and shingles and shakes used as interior wall and ceiling finish are often evaluated with Test Method E 84 to comply with code requirements. This practice describes specimen preparation and mounting procedures for such materials and systems. If it can be demonstrated that none of the methods described in this practice are applicable to a particular product, other mounting methods shall be permitted to be used. This information shall be included in the report. The limitations for this procedure are those associated with Test Method E 84.1.1 This practice describes procedures for specimen preparation and mounting when testing wood products to assess flames spread and smoke development as surface burning characteristics using Test Method E 84.1.2 Testing is conducted with Test Method E 84.1.3 This practice does not provide pass/fail criteria that can be used as a regulatory tool.1.4 Use the values stated in inch-pound units as the standard, in referee decisions. The values in the SI system of units are given in parentheses, for information only; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.1.5 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.1.6 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testing involves hazardous materials and equipment. This standard gives instructions on specimen preparation and mounting, but the fire-test-response method is given in Test Method E 84. See also Section 10.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory materials. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered requirements of the standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Wood Products to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics

ASTM D93-07 用潘斯基-马丁斯闭杯试验器测定闪点的标准试验方法

The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties which must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material. Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. One should consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications. Note 38212;The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)4 and U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA) have established that liquids with a flash point under 37.8°C (100°F) are flammable, as determined by these test methods, for those liquids which have a kinematic viscosity of 5.8 mm 2/s (cSt) or more at 37.8°C or 9.5 mm 2/s (cSt) or more at 25°C (77°F), or that contain suspended solids, or have a tendency to form a surface film while under test. Other classification flash points have been established by these departments for liquids using these test methods. These test methods should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of these test methods may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. These test methods provides the only closed cup flash point test procedures for temperatures up to 370°C (698°F).1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 to 3608212;C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus.Note 18212;Flash point determination as above 250176;C can be performed, however, the precisions have not been determined above this temperature. For residual fuels, precisions have not been determined for flash points above 100176;C.1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, kerosine, heating oil, turbine fuels), new lubricating oils, and other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope of Procedure B.1.3 Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback residua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquids with solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface film under test conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kinematic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the stirring and heating conditions of Procedure A.1.4 These test methods is applicable for the detection of contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable materials with volatile or flammable materials.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.Note 28212;It has been common practice in flash point standards for many decades to alternately use a C-scale or an F-scale thermometer for temperature measurement. Although the scales are close in increments, they are not equivalent. Because the F-scale thermometer used in this procedure is graduated in 5176; increments, it is not possible to read it to the 2176;C equivalent increment of 3.6176;F. Therefore, for the purposes of ......

Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

ASTM E1232-07(2013) 化学药剂可燃性温度极限的标准试验方法

5.1 The lower temperature limit of flammability is the minimum temperature at which a liquid (or solid) chemical will evolve sufficient vapors to form a flammable mixture with air under equilibrium conditions. Knowledge of this temperature is important in determining guidelines for the safe handling of chemicals, particularly in closed process and storage vessels.Note 1—As a result of physical factors inherent in flash point apparatus and procedures, closed-cup flash point temperatures are not necessarily the minimum temperature at which a chemical will evolve flammable vapors (see Appendix X2 and Appendix X3, taken in part from Test Method E502). The temperature limit of flammability test is designed to supplement limitations inherent in flash point tests (Appendix X2). It yields a result closely approaching the minimum temperature of flammable vapor formation for equilibrium situations in the chemical processing industry such as in closed process and storage vessels.Note 2—As a result of flame quenching effects existing when testing in standard closed-cup flash point apparatus, there are certain chemicals that exhibit no flash point but do evolve vapors that will propagate a flame in vessels of adequate size (X3.2). The temperature limit of flammability test chamber is sufficiently large to overcome flame quenching effects in most cases of practical importance, thus, usually indicating the presence of vapor-phase flammability if it does exist (6.2).Note 3—The lower temperature limit of flammability (LTL) is only one of several characteristics that should be evaluated to determine the safety of a specific material for a specific application. For example, some materials are found to have an LTL by this test method when, in fact, other characteristics such as minimum ignition energy and heat of combustion should also be considered in an overall flammability evaluation. 5.2 The vapor concentration present at the lower temperature limit of flammability equals the lower flammable limit concentration as measured by Test Method E681 and extrapolated back to the same temperature. (This permits estimation of lower temperature limits of flammability if vapor pressure and concentration limit of flammability data are available (A2.3). A comparison of results of the tests, thus, affords a check on test reliability, the reliability of vapor pressure data, or both.) 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the minimum temperature at which vapors in equilibrium with a liquid (or solid) chemical will be sufficiently concentrated to form flammable mixtures in air at atmospheric pressure. This test method is written specifically for determination of the temperature limit of flammability of systems using air as the source of oxidant and diluent. It may also be used for other oxidant/diluent combinations, including air plus diluent mixtures; however, no oxidant/diluent combination stronger than air should be used. Also, no unstable chemical capable of explosive decomposition reactions should be tested (see 8.3). 1.2 This test method is designed and writt......

Standard Test Method for Temperature Limit of Flammability of Chemicals

ASTM E1232-07 化学制品可燃性的温度限度用标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the minimum temperature at which vapors in equilibrium with a liquid (or solid) chemical will be sufficiently concentrated to form flammable mixtures in air at atmospheric pressure. This test method is written specifically for determination of the temperature limit of flammability of systems using air as the source of oxidant and diluent. It may also be used for other oxidant/diluent combinations, including air plus diluent mixtures; however, no oxidant/diluent combination stronger than air should be used. Also, no unstable chemical capable of explosive decomposition reactions should be tested (see 8.3).1.2 This test method is designed and written to be run at local ambient pressure and is limited to a maximum initial pressure of 1 atm abs. It may also be used for reduced pressures with the practical lower pressure limit being approximately 13.3 kPa (100 mm Hg). The maximum practical operating temperature of this equipment is approximately 150 176;C (302 176;F) (Note A1.2).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions, and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Temperature Limit of Flammability of Chemicals

ASTM E2032-07 与ASTM E 119保持一致的耐火性试验中数据扩展用标准指南

1.1 This guide covers the extension of fire endurance results obtained from fire tests performed in accordance with Test Method E 119 to constructions that have not been tested. Test Method E 119 evaluates the duration for which test specimens will contain a fire, retain their standard integrity, or both during a predetermined test exposure.1.2 This guide is based on principles involving the extension of test data using simple considerations. The acceptance of these principles and their application is based substantially on an analogous worst case proposition. 1.3 These principles are only applicable to temperature conditions represented by the standard time-temperature curve described in Test Method E 119. Test Method E 119 is a fire-test-response standard.1.4 The types of building constructions which are the subject of this guide are categorized as follows: beams; floor and roof assemblies; columns; and walls and partitions. Floor and roof assemblies include such assemblies with ceiling protective membranes.1.5 The extension of test data using numerical calculations based on empirical data or theoretical models is not covered in this guide.1.6 This guide does not cover the substitution of one proprietary material for another proprietary material, or materials for which fire test data are not presently available.1.7 This guide does not purport to be comprehensive in its treatment of non-proprietary modifications of tested constructions. Engineering evaluation or tests are recommended for assessing modifications not specifically covered in this guide.1.8 The values given in SI units are regarded as standard.1.9 This guide is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Extension of Data From Fire Resistance Tests Conducted in Accordance with ASTM E 119

ASTM D6890-07 用定容室燃烧法测定柴油机燃油的着火延迟和导出十六烷值(DCN)用标准试验方法

1.1 This automated laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics of conventional diesel fuel oil, oil-sands based fuels, blends of fuel containing biodiesel material, diesel fuel oils containing cetane number improver additives, and is applicable to products typical of ASTM Specification D 975 grades No. 1-D and 2-D regular and low-sulfur diesel fuel oils, European standard EN 590, and Canadian standards CAN/CGSB-3.517 and 3.6-2000. The test method may also be applied to the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel blending components.1.2 This test method measures the ignition delay and utilizes a constant volume combustion chamber with direct fuel injection into heated, compressed air. An equation correlates an ignition delay determination to cetane number by Test Method D 613, resulting in a derived cetane number (DCN).1.3 This test method covers the ignition delay range from 3.3 to 6.4 ms (61 to 34 DCN). The combustion analyzer can measure shorter and longer ignition delays, but precision may be affected. There is no information about how DCNs outside the 34 to 61 range compare to Test Method D 613 cetane numbers.1.4 solely-SI-units;This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by Combustion in a Constant Volume Chamber

ASTM G114-07 供氧设备用评估聚合物材料耐老化性的标准实施规程

1.1 These practices describe several procedures that are used to determine the age resistance of plastic, thermosetting, and elastomeric materials exposed to oxygen-containing media.1.2 While this practice focuses on evaluating the age resistance of polymeric materials in oxygen-containing media prior to ignition and combustion testing, it also has relevance for evaluating the age resistance of metals.1.3 These practices address both established procedures that have a foundation of experience and new procedures that have yet to be validated. The latter are included to promote research and later elaboration in this practice as methods of the former type.1.4 The results of these practices may not give exact correlation with service performance since service conditions vary widely and may involve multiple factors.1.5 Three procedures are described for evaluating the age resistance of polymeric materials depending on application and information sought.1.5.1 Procedure A: Natural Aging This procedure is used to simulate the effect(s) of one or more service stressors on a materials oxygen resistance, and is suitable for evaluating materials that experience continuous or intermittent exposure to elevated temperature during service.1.5.2 Procedure B: Accelerated Aging Comparative Oxygen Resistance This procedure is suitable for evaluating materials that are used in ambient temperature service, or at a temperature that is otherwise lower than the aging temperature, and is useful for developing oxygen compatibility rankings on a laboratory comparison basis.1.5.3 Procedure C: Accelerated Aging Lifetime Prediction This procedure is used to determine the relationship between aging temperature and a fixed level of property change, thereby allowing predictions to be made about the effect of prolonged service on oxidative degradation.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, however, all numerical values must also be cited in the systems in which they were actually measured.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.

Standard Practices for Evaluating the Age Resistance of Polymeric Materials Used in Oxygen Service

ASTM E662-06e1 由固体材料产生的烟雾的比光密度标准试验方法

This test method provides a means for determining the specific optical density of the smoke generated by specimens of materials and assemblies under the specified exposure conditions. Values determined by this test are specific to the specimen or assembly in the form and thickness tested and are not to be considered inherent fundamental properties of the material tested. Thus, it is likely that closely repeatable or reproducible experimental results are not to be expected from tests of a given material when specimen thickness, density, or other variables are involved. The photometric scale used to measure smoke by this test method is similar to the optical density scale for human vision. However, physiological aspects associated with vision are not measured by this test method. Correlation with measurements by other test methods has not been established. At the present time no basis is provided for predicting the density of smoke generated by the materials upon exposure to heat and flame under other fire conditions. The test method is of a complex nature and the data obtained are sensitive to variations which in other test methods might be considered to be insignificant (see Section 6). A precision statement based on the results of a roundrobin test by a prior draft version of this test method is given in 14.1 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers determination of the specific optical density of smoke generated by solid materials and assemblies mounted in the vertical position in thicknesses up to and including 1 in. (25.4 mm). 1.2 Measurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam by smoke (suspended solid or liquid particles) accumulating within a closed chamber due to nonflaming pyrolytic decomposition and flaming combustion. 1.3 Results are expressed in terms of specific optical density which is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured optical density, a measurement characteristic of the concentration of smoke. 1.4 This test method is intended for use in research and development and not as a basis for ratings for regulatory purposes. 1.5 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Values stated in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials

ASTM E2536-06 评估防火试验中不确定度测量用标准指南

Users of fire test data often need a quantitative indication of the quality of the data presented in a test report. This quantitative indication is referred to as the “measurement uncertainty”. There are two primary reasons for estimating the uncertainty of fire test results. 5.1.1 ISO/IEC 17025 requires that competent testing and calibration laboratories include uncertainty estimates for the results that are presented in a report. 5.1.2 Fire safety engineers need to know the quality of the input data used in an analysis to determine the uncertainty of the outcome of the analysis.1.1 This guide covers the evaluation and expression of uncertainty of measurements of fire test methods developed and maintained by ASTM International, based on the approach presented in the GUM. The use in this process of precision data obtained from a round robin is also discussed.1.2 Application of this guide is limited to tests that provide quantitative results in engineering units. This includes, for example, methods for measuring the heat release rate of burning specimens based on oxygen consumption calorimetry, such as Test Method E 1354.1.3 This guide does not apply to tests that provide results in the form of indices or binary results (for example, pass/fail). For example, the uncertainty of the Flame Spread Index obtained according to Test Method E 84 cannot be determined.1.4 In some cases additional guidance is required to supplement this standard. For example, the expression of uncertainty of heat release rate measurements at low levels requires additional guidance and uncertainties associated with sampling are not explicitly addressed.1.5 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.

Standard Guide for Assessment of Measurement Uncertainty in Fire Tests

ASTM D93-06 用潘斯基-马丁斯仪闭杯试验器测定闪点的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 to 360176;C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus. Note 1 - Flash point determination as above 250176;C can be performed, however, the precisions have not been determined above this temperature. For residual fuels, precisions have not been determined for flash points above 100176;C.1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, kerosine, heating oil, turbine fuels), new lubricating oils, and other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope of Procedure B.1.3 Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback residua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquids with solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface film under test conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kinematic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the stirring and heating conditions of Procedure A.1.4 These test methods is applicable for the detection of contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable materials with volatile or flammable materials.1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.Note 2It has been common practice in flash point standards for many decades to alternately use a C-scale or an F-scale thermometer for temperature measurement. Although the scales are close in increments, they are not equivalent. Because the F-scale thermometer used in this procedure is graduated in 5 increments, it is not possible to read it to the 2176;C equivalent increment of 3.6176;F. Therefore, for the purposes of application of the procedure of the test method for the separate temperature scale thermometers, different increments must be used. In this test method, the following protocol has been adopted: When a temperature is intended to be a converted equivalent, it will appear in parentheses following the SI unit, for example 370176;C (698176;F). When a temperature is intended to be a rationalized unit for the alternate scale, it will appear after "or," for example, 2176;C or 5176;F.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 9.3, 9.4, 11.1.2, 11.1.4, and 12.1.2..

Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester