13.220.40 (Ignitability and burning behaviour of m 标准查询与下载

ASTM E1822-02b 叠板椅实物的着火试验方法

1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method provides a means of determining the burning behavior of stacking chairs used in public occupancies by measuring specific fire-test responses when a stack of chairs is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source under well ventilated conditions.1.3 This test method is limited to stacked chairs.1.4 Test data are obtained describing the burning behavior following application of a specific ignition source, from ignition until all burning has ceased, a period of 1 h has elapsed, or flashover under test conditions appears inevitable.1.5 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of stacked chairs under fire conditions other than those conditions specified in this test method. In particular, this test method does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes. See 5.11 for further information.1.6 The rate of heat release of the burning test specimen is measured by an oxygen consumption method. See 5.11.4 for further information.1.7 Other measurements are the production of light-obscuring smoke and the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases. See 5.11.5 for further information.1.8 The burning behavior is documented visually by photographic or video recordings.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.1.11 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see Practice E 380. The units given in parentheses are for information only.1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Stacked Chairs

ASTM E1537-02 实尺软垫家具着火试验的标准试验方法

1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 The purpose of this test method is to determine the burning behavior of upholstered furniture used in public occupancies by measuring specific fire-test responses when the specimen of furniture is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source under well-ventilated conditions.1.3 Data are obtained describing the burning behavior from a specific ignition source until all burning has ceased, a period of 1 h has elapsed, or flashover appears inevitable.1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of upholstered furniture in fire conditions other than those conditions specified. In particular, this test method does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes. See X1.6 for further information.1.5 The rate of heat release of the burning specimen is measured by an oxygen consumption method. See X1.6.4 for further information.1.6 The production of light obscuring smoke is measured and the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases are determined. See X1.6.5 for further information.1.7 The burning behavior is visually documented by photographic or video recordings, whenever possible.1.8 The system of units to be used in referee decisions is the SI system of units, see Practice E 380 only. The units given in parentheses are for information only.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipmentThis standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Real Scale Upholstered Furniture

ASTM E1537-02a 实尺软垫家具着火试验的标准试验方法

1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 The purpose of this test method is to determine the burning behavior of upholstered furniture used in public occupancies by measuring specific fire-test responses when the specimen of furniture is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source under well-ventilated conditions.1.3 Data are obtained describing the burning behavior from a specific ignition source until all burning has ceased, a period of 1 h has elapsed, or flashover appears inevitable.1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of upholstered furniture in fire conditions other than those conditions specified. In particular, this test method does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes. See X1.6 for further information.1.5 The rate of heat release of the burning specimen is measured by an oxygen consumption method. See X1.6.4 for further information.1.6 The production of light obscuring smoke is measured and the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases are determined. See X1.6.5 for further information.1.7 The burning behavior is visually documented by photographic or video recordings, whenever possible.1.8 The system of units to be used in referee decisions is the SI system of units, see Practice E 380 only. The units given in parentheses are for information only.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipmentThis standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furniture

ASTM D93-02a 用潘斯基-马丁斯仪闭杯闪点测定器测定闪点的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 to 360oC by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus. Note 18212;Flash point determination as above 250oC can be performed, however, the precisions have not been determined above this temperature. For residual fuels, precisions have not been determined for flash points above 100oC.1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, kerosene, heating oil, turbine fuels), new lubricating oils, and other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope of Procedure B.1.3 Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback residua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquids with solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface film under test conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kinematic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the stirring and heating conditions of Procedure A.Note 2--Liquids having kinematic viscosities less than 5.5 mm 2/s (cSt) at 40oC (104oF), do not contain suspended solids, or do not have a tendency to form a surface film while under test conditions, can be tested in accordance with Test Method D56.1.4 This test method is applicable for the detection of contamination of relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable materials with volatile or flammable materials.1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 9.3, 9.4, 11.1.2, 11.1.4, and 12.1.2

Standard Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

ASTM F2230-02 水面漏油现场燃烧的标准指南:冻结条件

1.1 This guide addresses in-situ burning as a response tool for oil spills occurring on waters with ice present.1.2 There are several methods of control or cleanup of spilled oil. In-situ burning, mechanical recovery, dispersant application or natural recovery are the usual options available.1.3 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user with general information on in-situ burning in ice conditions as a means of controlling and removing spilled oil. It is intended as a reference to plan an in-situ burn of spilled oil.1.4 This guide outlines procedures and describes some equipment that can be used to accomplish an in-situ burn in ice conditions. The guide includes a description of typical ice situations where in-situ burning of oil has been found to be effective.1.5 In making in-situ burn decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in Section 8. Guide F 1788 addresses operational considerations.

Standard Guide for In-situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water: Ice Conditions

ASTM D2859-02 精制纺织地板覆盖物着火特性标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a test method for the determination of the flammability of finished textile floor covering materials when exposed to an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions. 1.2 This test method is applicable to all types of textile floor coverings, regardless of the method of fabrication or whether they are made from natural or man-made fibers. It is possible to apply this test method to unfinished material; however, the results of such a test shall not be considered a satisfactory evaluation of a textile floor covering material for ultimate consumer use.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.Note 18212;For other standards on flammability of textiles, refer to: Test Methods D 1230 and D 3411. For methods of measuring other properties of floor coverings and components thereof, refer to: Test Methods D 418, D 1116, D 1335, D 2401, and D 2406.1.5 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use./p>

Standard Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials

ASTM E2058-02a 用火焰传播仪(FPA)测量合成聚合物材料易燃性的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard determines and quantifies synthetic polymer material flammability characteristics, related to the propensity of materials to support fire propagation, by means of a fire propagation apparatus (FPA). Material flammability characteristics that are quantified include time to ignition (tign), chemical ( Qchem), and convective ( Qc) heat release rates, mass loss rate ( m) and effective heat of combustion (EHC).1.2 The following test methods, capable of being performed separately and independently, are included herein:1.2.1 Ignition Test, to determine tign for a horizontal specimen;1.2.2 Combustion Test, to determine Qchem, Qc'm, and EHC from burning of a horizontal specimen; and,1.2.3 Fire Propagation Test to determine Qchem from burning of a vertical specimen.1.3 Distinguishing features of the FPA include tungsten-quartz external, isolated heaters to provide a radiant flux of up to 65 kW/m 2 to the test specimen, which remains constant whether the surface regresses or expands; provision for combustion or upward fire propagation in prescribed flows of normal air, air enriched with up to 40 % oxygen, air oxygen vitiated, pure nitrogen or mixtures of gaseous suppression agents with the preceding air mixtures; and, the capability of measuring heat release rates and exhaust product flows generated during upward fire propagation on a vertical test specimen 0.305 m high.1.4 The FPA is used to evaluate the flammability of synthetic polymer materials and products. It is also designed to obtain the transient response of such materials and products to prescribed heat fluxes in specified inert or oxidizing environments and to obtain laboratory measurements of generation rates of fire products (CO2, CO, and, if desired, gaseous hydrocarbons) for use in fire safety engineering.1.5 Ignition of the specimen is by means of a pilot flame at a prescribed location with respect to the specimen surface.1.6 The Fire Propagation test of vertical specimens is not suitable for materials that, on heating, melt sufficiently to form a liquid pool.1.7 Values stated are in SI units. Values in parentheses are for information only.1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Synthetic Polymer Material Flammability Using a Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA)

ASTM E2058-02 用火焰传播仪(FPA)测量合成聚合物材料易燃性的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard determines and quantifies synthetic polymer material flammability characteristics, related to the propensity of materials to support fire propagation, by means of a fire propagation apparatus (FPA). Material flammability characteristics that are quantified include time to ignition (tign), chemical ( Qchem), and convective ( Qc) heat release rates, mass loss rate ( m) and effective heat of combustion (EHC).1.2 The following test methods, capable of being performed separately and independently, are included herein:1.2.1 Ignition Test, to determine tign for a horizontal specimen;1.2.2 Combustion Test, to determine Qchem, Qc'm, and EHC from burning of a horizontal specimen; and,1.2.3 Fire Propagation Test to determine Qchem from burning of a vertical specimen.1.3 Distinguishing features of the FPA include tungsten-quartz external, isolated heaters to provide a radiant flux of up to 65 kW/m 2 to the test specimen, which remains constant whether the surface regresses or expands; provision for combustion or upward fire propagation in prescribed flows of normal air, air enriched with up to 40 % oxygen, air oxygen vitiated, pure nitrogen or mixtures of gaseous suppression agents with the preceding air mixtures; and, the capability of measuring heat release rates and exhaust product flows generated during upward fire propagation on a vertical test specimen 0.305 m high.1.4 The FPA is used to evaluate the flammability of synthetic polymer materials and products. It is also designed to obtain the transient response of such materials and products to prescribed heat fluxes in specified inert or oxidizing environments and to obtain laboratory measurements of generation rates of fire products (CO2, CO, and, if desired, gaseous hydrocarbons) for use in fire safety engineering.1.5 Ignition of the specimen is by means of a pilot flame at a prescribed location with respect to the specimen surface.1.6 The Fire Propagation test of vertical specimens is not suitable for materials that, on heating, melt sufficiently to form a liquid pool.1.7 Values stated are in SI units. Values in parentheses are for information only.1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Synthetic Polymer Material Flammability Using a Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA)

ASTM E1232-02 化学品可燃性的温度限值的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the minimum temperature at which vapors in equilibrium with a liquid (or solid) chemical will be sufficiently concentrated to form flammable mixtures in air at atmospheric pressure. This test method is written specifically for determination of the temperature limit of flammability of systems using air as the source of oxidant and diluent. It may also be used for other oxidant/diluent combinations, including air plus diluent mixtures; however, no oxidant/diluent combination stronger than air should be used. Also, no unstable chemical capable of explosive decomposition reactions should be tested (see 8.3). 1.2 This test method is designed and written to be run at local ambient pressure and is limited to a maximum initial pressure of 1 atm abs. It may also be used for reduced pressures with the practical lower pressure limit being approximately 13.3 kPa (100 mm Hg). The maximum practical operating temperature of this equipment is approximately 150176C (302176F) (Note A1.2). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions, and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Temperature Limit of Flammability of Chemicals

ASTM E1474-02 用小型耗氧热量计测定装饰家具和床垫部件或组件的放热率的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response test method can be used to determine the ignitability and heat release from the composites of contract, institutional, or high-risk occupancy upholstered furniture or mattresses using a bench scale oxygen consumption calorimeter.1.2 This test method provides for measurement of the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat release, and effective heat of combustion at a constant radiant heat flux of 35 kW/m 2. Heat release data at different heating fluxes may also be obtained by this test method. The specimen is oriented horizontally, and a spark ignition source is used.1.3 The times to sustained flaming, heat release, and effective heat of combustion are determined using the apparatus and procedures described in Test Method E 1354.1.4 The tests are performed on bench-scale specimens combining the furniture or mattress outer layer components. Frame elements are not included.1.5 This test method should be used to measure or describe the responses of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risks of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, the results of the test may be used as elements of a fire hazard assessment or a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or Composites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter

ASTM E1352-02 模型化装软垫的组合家俱的抗烟卷点燃性的标准试验方法

This test method is intended to measure the performance of upholstered furniture material assemblies under conditions of exposure to smoldering cigarettes. This is accomplished by testing furniture assemblies. This test method is recommended for upholstered furniture used in facilities such as hospitals, nursing homes, residential-custodial care and supervisory facilities, or in the public area of facilities such as educational, assembly, or residential occupancies. This test method is not intended to measure the performance of upholstered furniture material assemblies under conditions of open-flame exposure, and does not indicate whether the assemblies will resist the propagation of flame under severe fire exposure or when tested in a manner that differs substantially from the test method. The results obtained with a material assembly tested in mock-up in accordance with this test method do not necessarily indicate the performance of the same material assembly in other geometric configurations, such as in production furniture. 1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard. 1.2 This test method is designed for the assessment of the resistance of upholstered furniture mock-up assemblies to combustion after exposure to smoldering cigarettes under specified conditions. 1.3 Mock-up testing is useful in assessing the relative resistance of combustion of materials used in upholstered furniture such as cover materials, cushioning materials, welts, etc., in representative combinations disregarding the geometric arrangement of the seating surfaces, backs, and sides of furniture items. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Assemblies

ASTM E1590-02 床垫着火试验的标准试验方法

1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method provides a means of determining the burning behavior of mattresses used in public occupancies by measuring specific fire test responses when the test specimen, a mattress or mattress with foundation, is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source under well ventilated conditions.1.3 This is a test method for mattresses or mattresses with foundations.1.4 Test data are obtained describing the burning behavior, following application of a specific ignition source, from ignition until all burning has ceased, a period of 1 h has elapsed, or flashover appears inevitable.1.5 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of mattresses under fire conditions other than those specified in this test method. In particular, this test method does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes. See 5.12 for further information.1.6 The rate of heat release of burning test specimen is measured by an oxygen consumption method. See 5.12.4 for further information.1.7 Other measurements are the production of light-obscuring smoke and the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases. See 5.12.5 for further information.1.8 The burning behavior is documented visually by photographic or video recordings.1.9 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see Practice E380. The units given in parentheses are for information only.1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.11 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattresses

ASTM E1353-02 装饰性家具部件的耐香烟点燃性的标准试验方法

These test methods are intended to estimate the performance of upholstered furniture under conditions of exposure to a smoldering cigarette. This is accomplished by testing furniture component assemblies. However, interactions between components in production furniture are not necessarily predicted by component assembly testing. These test methods are not intended to measure the performance of upholstered furniture under conditions of open flame exposure and do not indicate whether the furniture will resist the propagation of flame under severe fire exposure or when tested in a manner that differs substantially from the test standard. The results obtained with a material component tested in mock-up, in accordance with these test methods, do not necessarily indicate the performance of the same material component in other geometric configurations, such as in full-size furniture. 1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard. 1.2 These test methods are designed for the assessment of the resistance of upholstered furniture component assemblies to combustion after exposure to smoldering cigarettes under specified conditions. 1.3 The tests apply to upholstered furniture components-cover fabrics, interior fabrics, welt cords, decking materials, barrier materials, and filling or padding materials including but not limited to: battings of natural or man-made fibers, foamed or cellular filling materials, resilient pads of natural or man-made fibers, and loose particulate filling materials (such as shredded polyurethane or feathers and down). 1.4 The individual test methods and the materials to which they apply are as follows: 1.4.1 Cover Fabric Test8212;Applies to outer cover fabrics (see Sections 11 and 12). 1.4.2 Interior Fabric Test8212;Applies to interior fabrics used in intimate contact with outer fabrics (see Sections 13 and 14).1.4.3 Welt Cord Test8212; Applies to welt cord (see Sections 15 and 16). 1.4.4 Filling/Padding Component Test8212;Applies to resilient materials used under the cover fabric in seats or in inside vertical walls (inside arm and inside backs) (see Sections 17 and 18). 1.4.5 Decking Materials Test8212;Applies to resilient materials used in the deck under loose cushions (see Sections 19 and 20).1.4.6 Barrier Materials Test8212;Applies to materials that are intended to serve as a barrier between cover fabric and conventional polyurethane foam (see Sections 21 and 22). 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Methods for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered Furniture

ASTM E1537-01 实尺软垫家具着火试验的标准试验方法

1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 The purpose of this test method is to determine the burning behavior of upholstered furniture used in public occupancies by measuring specific fire-test responses when the specimen of furniture is subjected to a specified flaming ignition source under well-ventilated conditions.1.3 Data are obtained describing the burning behavior from a specific ignition source until all burning has ceased, a period of 1 h has elapsed, or flashover appears inevitable.1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of upholstered furniture in fire conditions other than those conditions specified. In particular, this test method does not apply to smoldering ignition by cigarettes. See X1.6 for further information.1.5 The rate of heat release of the burning specimen is measured by an oxygen consumption method. See X1.6.4 for further information.1.6 The production of light obscuring smoke is measured and the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases are determined. See X1.6.5 for further information.1.7 The burning behavior is visually documented by photographic or video recordings, whenever possible.1.8 The system of units to be used in referee decisions is the SI system of units, see Practice E 380 only. The units given in parentheses are for information only.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipmentThis standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Real Scale Upholstered Furniture

ASTM D2859-01 精制纺织地板覆盖物可燃性的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a test method for the determination of the flammability of finished textile floor covering materials when exposed to an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions. It is applicable to all types of textile floor coverings regardless of the method of fabrication or whether they are made from natural or man-made fibers. Although this test method may be applied to unfinished material, such a test is not considered satisfactory for the evaluation of a textile floor covering material for ultimate consumer use.1.2 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. Note 18212;For other standards on flammability of textiles, refer to: Test Methods D 1230 and D 3411. For methods of measuring other properties of floor coverings and components thereof, refer to: Test Methods D 418, D 1116, D 1335, D 2401, and D 2406.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitiations prior to use.1.4 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

Standard Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials

ASTM G72-01 在高压富氧环境中液体和固体自燃点的标准测试方法

Most organic liquids and solids will ignite in a pressurized oxidizing gas atmosphere if heated to a sufficiently high temperature and pressure. This procedure provides a numerical value for the temperature at the onset of ignition under carefully controlled conditions. Means for extrapolation from this idealized situation to the description, appraisal, or regulation of fire and explosion hazards in specific field situations, are not established. Ranking of the ignition temperatures of several materials in the standard apparatus is generally in conformity with field experience. The temperature at which material will ignite spontaneously (AIT) will vary greatly with the geometry of the test system and the rate of heating. To achieve good interlaboratory agreement of ignition temperatures, it is necessary to use equipment of approximately the dimensions described in the method. It is also necessary to follow the described procedure as closely as possible. The decomposition and oxidation of some fully fluorinated materials releases so little energy that there is no clear-cut indication of ignition. Nor will there be a clear indication of ignition if a sample volatilizes, distilling to another part of the reaction vessel, before reaching ignition temperature. FIG. 1 AIT Equipment Assembly1.1 This method covers the determination of the temperature at which liquids and solids will spontaneously ignite. These materials must ignite without application of spark or flame in a high-pressure oxygen-enriched environment.1.2 This method is intended for use at pressures of 2.1 to 20.7 MPa (300 to 3000 psi). The pressure used in the description of the method is 10.3 MPa (1500 psi). The method, as described, is for liquids or solids with ignition temperature in the range from 60 to 425176;C (140 to 800176;F).1.3 This method is for high-pressure pure oxygen. The method may be used in atmospheres from 0.5 % to 100 % oxygen.1.4 An apparatus suitable for these requirements is described. This method could be applied to higher pressures and materials of higher ignition temperature. If more severe requirements or other oxidizers than those described are desired, care must be taken in selecting an alternative safe apparatus capable of withstanding the conditions.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Autogenous Ignition Temperature of Liquids and Solids in a High-Pressure Oxygen-Enriched Environment

ASTM E1474-01 用小型耗氧热量计测定装饰家具和床垫部件或组件的放热率的标准试验方法

1.1 This fire-test-response test method can be used to determine the ignitability and heat release from the composites of contract, institutional, or high-risk occupancy upholstered furniture or mattresses using a bench scale oxygen consumption calorimeter.1.2 This test method provides for measurement of the time to sustained flaming, heat release rate, peak and total heat release, and effective heat of combustion at a constant radiant heat flux of 35 kW/m 2. Heat release data at different heating fluxes may also be obtained by this test method. The specimen is oriented horizontally, and a spark ignition source is used.1.3 The times to sustained flaming, heat release, and effective heat of combustion are determined using the apparatus and procedures described in Test Method E 1354.1.4 The tests are performed on bench-scale specimens combining the furniture or mattress outer layer components. Frame elements are not included.1.5 This test method should be used to measure or describe the responses of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risks of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, the results of the test may be used as elements of a fire hazard assessment or a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or Composites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter

ASTM E681-01 化合物易燃性浓度限值的标准测试方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the lower and upper concentration limits of flammability of chemicals having sufficient vapor pressure to form flammable mixtures in air at atmospheric pressure at the test temperature. This test method may be used to determine these limits in the presence of inert dilution gases. No oxidant stronger than air should be used. Note 18212;The lower flammability limit and upper flammability limit are also referred to as the lower explosive limit (LEL) and the upper explosive limit (UEL), respectively.1.2 This test method is based on electrical ignition and visual observations of flame propagation. Users may experience problems if the flames are difficult to observe (for example, irregular propagation or insufficient luminescence in the visible spectrum), if the test material requires large ignition energy, or if the material has large quenching distances.1.3 provides a modified test method for materials (such as certain amines, halogenated materials, and the like) with large quenching distances which may be difficult to ignite.1.4 In other situations where strong ignition sources (such as direct flame ignition) is considered credible, the use of a test method employing higher energy ignition source in a sufficiently large pressure chamber (analogous, for example, to the methods in Test Method E 2079 for measuring limiting oxygen concentration) may be more appropriate. In this case, expert advice may be necessary.1.5 The flammability limits depend on the test temperature and pressure. This test method is limited to an initial pressure of the local ambient or less, with a practical lower pressure limit of approximately 13 kPa (100 mm Hg). The maximum practical operating temperature of this equipment is approximately 150176;C (302176;F).1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.7 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.1.8 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases)

ASTM D3675-01 用辐射热源作软质多孔材料的表面可燃性的标准试验方法

1.1 This is a fire test response standard. 1.2 This test method covers the measurement of surface flammability of flexible cellular materials. 1.3 This standard should be used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire-hazard assessment or a fire-risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous, and adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. Specific information about hazards is given in Section 7.Note 18212;There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Flexible Cellular Materials Using A Radiant Heat Energy Source

ASTM D92-01 用克利夫兰开杯测定闪点和燃点的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method describes the determination of the flash and fire point of petroleum products by a manual Cleveland open cup apparatus or an automated Cleveland open cup apparatus. Note 18212;The precisions for fire point were not determined in the current interlaboratory program. Fire point is a parameter which is not commonly specified, although in some cases, knowledge of this flammability temperature may be desired. 1.2 This test method is applicable to all petroleum products with flash points above 79176; C (175176; F) and below 400176; C (752176; F) except fuel oils. Note 28212;This test method may occasionally be specified for the determination of the fire point of a fuel oil. For the determination of the flash points of fuel oils, use Test Method D 93. Test Method D 93 should also be used when it is desired to determine the possible presence of small, but significant concentrations of lower flash point substances which may escape detection by Test Method D 92. Test Method D 1310 can be employed if the flash point is known to be below 79176; C (175176; F). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 11.1.3, and 11.2.4.

Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup