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X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

X-ray diffractometers and single crystals, Total:162 items.

In the international standard classification, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals involves: Optics and optical measurements, Non-destructive testing, Testing of metals, Products of the chemical industry, Production of metals, Analytical chemistry, Education, Radiation protection, Plastics, Occupational safety. Industrial hygiene, Inorganic chemicals, Ceramics, Vocabularies, Pipeline components and pipelines, Physics. Chemistry, Semiconducting materials, Fuels, Water quality, Non-metalliferous minerals, Medical equipment, Paint ingredients, Power stations in general, Nuclear energy engineering, Air quality, Non-ferrous metals, Linear and angular measurements.

National Metrological Verification Regulations of the People's Republic of China, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

JJG 629-2014 Polycrystalline X-Ray Diffractometers
JJG 629-1989 Verification Regulation for Polycrystalline X-Ray Diffractometer
JJG(地质) 1014-1990 Verification Regulations for Polycrystalline X-ray Diffractometer

Professional Standard - Machinery, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

JB/T 11144-2011 X-ray diffractometer
JB/T 9400-1999 Specification for X-ray diffractometer
JB/T 9400-2010 Specification of X-ray diffractometer
JB/T 5482-2011 X-ray orientation apparatus
JB/T 5482-2004 Technical conditions of X-ray crystal orientation instrument

British Standards Institution (BSI), X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

BS EN 13925-3:2005(2009) Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - Instruments
BS EN 13925-3:2005 Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - Instruments
BS EN 13925-2:2003(2008) Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - Procedures
BS EN 13925-2:2003 Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - Procedures
BS EN 13925-1:2003(2008) Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - General principles
BS EN 13925-1:2003 Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - General principles
BS ISO 22278:2020 Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics). Test method for crystalline quality of single-crystal thin film (wafer) using XRD method with parallel X-ray beam
BS EN 1330-11:2007 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Terms used in X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials
20/30360821 DC BS ISO 22278. Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics). Test method for crystalline quality of single-crystal thin film (wafer) using XRD method with parallel X-ray beam
BS ISO 20203:2005 Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium. Calcined coke. Determination of crystallite size of calcined petroleum coke by X-ray diffraction
BS ISO 20203:2006 Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium - Calcined coke - Determination of crystallite size of calcined petroleum coke by X-ray diffraction

General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People‘s Republic of China, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

GB/T 42676-2023 X-ray Diffraction Method for Testing the Quality of Semiconductor Single Crystal
GB 16355-1996 Radiation protection standards for X-ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis equipment
GB/T 30904-2014 Inorganic chemicals for industrial use.Crystal form analysis.X-ray diffraction method
GB/T 8360-1987 The lattice constant determination of metals--Method of X-ray diffractometer
GB/T 8362-1987 Retained austenite in steel--Quantitative determination--Method of X-ray diffractometer
GB/T 19421.1-2003 Test methods of crystalline layered sodium disilicate--Qualitative analysis of delta-crystalline layered sodium disilicate--Method of X-ray diffractometer
GB/T 8359-1987 Carbides in high speed steel--Quantitative phase analysis--Method of X-ray diffractometer
GB/T 23413-2009 Determination of crystallite size and micro-strain of nano-materials.X-ray diffraction line broadening method
GB/T 32188-2015 Test method for full width at half maximum of double crystal X-ray rocking curve of GaN single crystal substrate
GB/T 11685-2003 Measurement procedures for semiconductor X-ray detector system and semiconductor X-ray energy spectrometers

Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC), X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

JIS H 7805:2005 Method for crystallite size determination in metal catalysts by X-ray diffractometry

German Institute for Standardization, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

DIN EN 13925-3:2005 Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - Part 3: Instruments; German version EN 13925-3:2005
DIN EN 13925-3:2005-07 Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - Part 3: Instruments; German version EN 13925-3:2005
DIN EN 13925-2:2003 Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycristalline and amorphous material - Part 2: Procedures; German version EN 13925-2:2003
DIN EN 13925-1:2003 Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycristalline and amorphous material - Part 1: General principles; German version EN 13925-1:2003
DIN EN 13925-2:2003-07 Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycristalline and amorphous material - Part 2: Procedures; German version EN 13925-2:2003
DIN EN 13925-1:2003-07 Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycristalline and amorphous material - Part 1: General principles; German version EN 13925-1:2003
DIN EN 1330-11:2007-09 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Part 11: Terms used in X-ray diffraction from polycristalline and amorphous materials; Trilingual version EN 1330-11:2007
DIN EN 1330-11:2007 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Part 11: Terms used in X-ray diffraction from polycristalline and amorphous materials; Trilingual version EN 1330-11:2007
DIN 50433-1:1976 Testing of semi-conducting inorganic materials; determining the orientation of single crystals by means of X-ray diffraction
DIN 6836:1963 X-ray tubes and single tank X-ray generators; holders for X-ray application tables and stands, dimensions for assembling

European Committee for Standardization (CEN), X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

EN 13925-3:2005 Non destructive testing - X ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - Part 3: Instruments
EN 13925-2:2003 Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - Part 2: Procedures
EN 1330-11:2007 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Terms used in X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials
EN 13925-1:2003 Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - Part 1: General principles

Association Francaise de Normalisation, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

NF A09-280-3*NF EN 13925-3:2005 Non destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - Part 3 : instruments.
NF A09-280-2*NF EN 13925-2:2003 Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycristalline and amorphous materials - Part 2 : procedures
NF EN 1330-11:2007 Essais non destructifs - Terminologie - Partie 11 : diffraction des rayons X de matériaux polycristallins et amorphes
NF A09-280-1*NF EN 13925-1:2003 Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous material - Part 1 : general principles.
NF EN 13925-2:2003 Essais non destructifs - Diffraction des rayons X appliquée aux matériaux polycristallins et amorphes - Partie 2 : procédures
NF EN 13925-3:2005 Essais non destructifs - Diffraction des rayons X appliquée aux matériaux polycristallins et amorphes - Partie 3 : appareillage
NF EN 13925-1:2003 Essais non destructifs - Diffraction des rayons X appliquée aux matériaux polycristallins et amorphes - Partie 1 : principes généraux
NF A09-020-11*NF EN 1330-11:2007 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Part 11 : Terms used in X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials.
NF C74-111:1985 Electromedical equipment. Radiology equipment. X radiation equipment. Radiodiagnostic X-ray tube assemblies. Construction and tests. Requirements.
NF T25-111-3:1991 Carbon fibres- Texture and structure- Part 3: Azimutal analysis of the diffraction of the X-rays
NF X43-600-2*NF ISO 16258-2:2015 Workplace air - Analysis of respirable crystalline silica by x-ray diffraction - Part 2 : method by indirect analysis
NF X43-600-1*NF ISO 16258-1:2015 Workplace Air - Analysis of respirable crystalline silica by X-ray diffraction - Part 1: direct-on-filter method
NF T31-207:1995 Pigments and extenders. Titanium dioxide. Ratio of anatase to rutile by X-ray diffraction.
NF ISO 16258-2:2015 Air des lieux de travail - Fraction alvéolaire de la silice cristalline par diffraction de rayons X - Partie 2 : méthode indirecte d'analyse
NF ISO 16258-1:2015 Air des lieux de travail - Fraction alvéolaire de la silice cristalline par diffraction de rayons X - Partie 1: méthode directe d'analyse sur filtre

Danish Standards Foundation, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

DS/EN 13925-3:2005 Non destructive testing - X ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - Part 3: Instruments
DS/EN 13925-2:2003 Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - Part 2: Procedures
DS/EN 13925-1:2003 Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous material - Part 1: General principles
DS/EN 1330-11:2007 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Terms used in X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials

Lithuanian Standards Office , X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

LST EN 13925-3-2005 Non destructive testing - X ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - Part 3: Instruments
LST EN 13925-2-2004 Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - Part 2: Procedures
LST EN 13925-1-2004 Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous material - Part 1: General principles
LST EN 1330-11-2007 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Terms used in X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials

AENOR, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

UNE-EN 13925-3:2006 Non destructive testing - X ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - Part 3: Instruments
UNE-EN 13925-2:2004 Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials - Part 2: Procedures
UNE-EN 13925-1:2006 Non-destructive testing - X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous material - Part 1: General principles
UNE-EN 1330-11:2008 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Part 11: Terms used in X-ray diffraction from polycrystalline and amorphous materials

国家市场监督管理总局、中国国家标准化管理委员会, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

GB/T 37983-2019 Testing methods of X-ray diffraction for determining the orientation of crystal materials by rotation
GB/T 39123-2020 Specification for cadmium-zinc telluride single crystal material for X-ray and γ-ray detector

Professional Standard - Education, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

JY/T 0587-2020 General Principles of Polycrystal X-ray Diffraction Methods
JY/T 0588-2020 General Rules for Determination of Crystal and Molecular Structure of Small Molecular Compounds by Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction
JY/T 008-1996 General Rules for Determination of Crystal and Molecular Structure of Small Molecular Compounds by Four-Circle Single Crystal X-ray Diffractometer
JY/T 009-1996 General Principles of Rotating Target Polycrystal X-ray Derivation Method

工业和信息化部, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

SH/T 1827-2019 Determination of crystallinity of plastics by X-ray diffraction method
YB/T 5338-2019 X-ray diffractometer method for quantitative determination of austenite in steel

National Metrological Technical Specifications of the People's Republic of China, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

JJF 1256-2010 Calibration Specification for X-ray Monocrystal Orientation Equipment

中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局、中国国家标准化管理委员会, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

GB/T 34612-2017 Measurement method for X-ray double crystal diffraction rocking curve of sapphire crystals

Occupational Health Standard of the People's Republic of China, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

GBZ 115-2002 Radiological standards for X-ray Diffraction and fluorescence analysis equipment

Professional Standard - Nuclear Industry, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

EJ/T 553-1991 Determination of Mineral Cell Parameters Powder X-ray Diffraction Method

Professional Standard - Energy, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

NB/SH/T 6015-2020 Determination of Unit Cell Parameters of ZSM-23 Molecular Sieve by X-ray Diffraction Method
NB/SH/T 6033-2021 Determination of unit cell parameters of ZSM-22 molecular sieve X-ray diffraction method
NB/SH/T 6024-2021 Determination of Relative Crystallinity of ZSM-5 Molecular Sieve X-ray Diffraction Method
NB/SH/T 0339-2021 Determination of Unit Cell Parameters of Faujasite Molecular Sieve X-ray Diffraction Method

International Organization for Standardization (ISO), X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

ISO 22278:2020 Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for crystalline quality of single-crystal thin film (wafer) using XRD method with parallel X-ray beam
ISO 20203:2005 Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium - Calcined coke - Determination of crystallite size of calcined petroleum coke by X-ray diffraction
ISO 16258-1:2015 Workplace air - Analysis of respirable crystalline silica by X-ray diffraction - Part 1: Direct-on-filter method
ISO 16258-2:2015 Workplace air - Analysis of respirable crystalline silica by X-ray diffraction - Part 2: Method by indirect analysis
ISO/CD 5861 Surface chemical analysis — X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy — Method of intensity calibration for quartz-crystal monochromated Al Kα XPS instruments
ISO/DIS 5861:2023 Surface chemical analysis — X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy — Method of intensity calibration for quartz-crystal monochromated Al Kα XPS instruments

Fujian Provincial Standard of the People's Republic of China, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

DB35/T 1914-2020 Determination of β-crystal content in β-crystal polypropylene pipes and fittings (X-ray diffraction method)

American National Standards Institute （ANSI), X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

ANSI/ASTM E915:1996 Method for Verifying the Alignment of X-Ray Diffraction Instrumentation for Residual Stress Measurement
ANSI N43.2-2001 Radiation Safety for X-ray Diffraction and Fluorescence Analysis Equipment
ANSI N42.26-1995 Radiation Protection Instrumentation - Monitoring Equipment - Personal Warning Devices for X and Gamma Radiations

Professional Standard - Ferrous Metallurgy, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

YB/T 5337-2006 Determination method of metal lattice constant X-ray diffractometer method
YB/T 5338-2006 X-ray Diffraction Method for Quantitative Determination of Retained Austenite in Steel
YB/T 5336-2006 Quantitative Analysis of Carbide Phase in High Speed Steel by X-ray Diffraction Method

Professional Standard - Electron, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

SJ 20714-1998 Test method for sub-surface damege of gallium arsenide polished wafer by X-ray double crystal diffraction

Professional Standard - Aviation, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

HB 6742-1993 Determination of Crystal Orientation of Single Crystal Blades by X-ray Backblow Laue Photography

IT-UNI, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

UNI 6966-1971

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

ASTM D5187-91(2007) Standard Test Method for Determination of Crystallite Size (Lc of Calcined Petroleum Coke by X-Ray Diffraction
ASTM D934-80(2003) Standard Practices for Identification of Crystalline Compounds in Water-Formed Deposits By X-Ray Diffraction
ASTM D5187-91(2002) Standard Test Method for Determination of Crystallite Size (L_c) of Calcined Petroleum Coke by X-Ray Diffraction
ASTM D5187-91(1997) Standard Test Method for Determination of Crystallite Size (L_c) of Calcined Petroleum Coke by X-Ray Diffraction
ASTM D5357-98 Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Crystallinity of Zeolite Sodium A by X-Ray Diffraction
ASTM D8352-20 Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Crystallinity of Zeolite Beta by X-Ray Diffraction
ASTM D5357-03(2008)e1 Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Crystallinity of Zeolite Sodium A by X-ray Diffraction
ASTM D5357-03(2013) Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Crystallinity of Zeolite Sodium A by X-ray Diffraction
ASTM E915-96 Standard Test Method for Verifying the Alignment of X-Ray Diffraction Instrumentation for Residual Stress Measurement
ASTM E915-16 Standard Test Method for Verifying the Alignment of X-Ray Diffraction Instrumentation for Residual Stress Measurement
ASTM E915-96(2002) Standard Test Method for Verifying the Alignment of X-Ray Diffraction Instrumentation for Residual Stress Measurement
ASTM D5357-03 Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Crystallinity of Zeolite Sodium A by X-Ray Diffraction
ASTM D5357-19 Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Crystallinity of Zeolite Sodium A by X-ray Diffraction
ASTM D934-08 Standard Practices for Identification of Crystalline Compounds in Water-Formed Deposits By X-Ray Diffraction
ASTM D934-80(1999) Standard Practices for Identification of Crystalline Compounds in Water-Formed Deposits By X-Ray Diffraction
ASTM D5758-01(2021) Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Crystallinity of Zeolite ZSM-5 by X-Ray Diffraction
ASTM E915-19 Standard Test Method for Verifying the Alignment of X-Ray Diffraction Instrumentation for Residual Stress Measurement
ASTM E915-10 Standard Test Method for Verifying the Alignment of X-Ray Diffraction Instrumentation for Residual Stress Measurement
ASTM E915-21 Standard Practice for Verifying the Alignment of X-Ray Diffraction Instruments for Residual Stress Measurement
ASTM D5380-93(2003) Standard Test Method for Identification of Crystalline Pigments and Extenders in Paint by X-Ray Diffraction Analysis
ASTM D5380-93(2021) Standard Test Method for Identification of Crystalline Pigments and Extenders in Paint by X-Ray Diffraction Analysis
ASTM D5187-10 Standard Test Method for Determination of Crystallite Size (Lc of Calcined Petroleum Coke by X-Ray Diffraction
ASTM D5758-01(2011)e1 Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Crystallinity of Zeolite ZSM-5 by X-Ray Diffraction
ASTM D934-22 Standard Practices for Identification of Crystalline Compounds in Water-Formed Deposits By X-Ray Diffraction
ASTM D934-13 Standard Practices for Identification of Crystalline Compounds in Water-Formed Deposits By X-Ray Diffraction
ASTM D5758-01(2015) Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Crystallinity of Zeolite ZSM-5 by X-Ray Diffraction
ASTM D5187-10(2015)e1 Standard Test Method for Determination of Crystallite Size (Lc) of Calcined Petroleum Coke by X-Ray Diffraction
ASTM D5187-21 Standard Test Method for Determination of Crystallite Size (Lc) of Calcined Petroleum Coke by X-Ray Diffraction
ASTM F847-94(1999) Standard Test Methods for Measuring Crystallographic Orientation of Flats on Single Crystal Silicon Wafers by X-Ray Techniques
ASTM E1172-87(2003) Standard Practice for Describing and Specifying a Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer
ASTM D3720-90(2005) Standard Test Method for Ratio of Anatase to Rutile in Titanium Dioxide Pigments by X-Ray Diffraction

Professional Standard - Commodity Inspection, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

SN/T 3514-2013 Identification method of texture analysis for grain oriented and non-oriented electrical steels.X-ray diffraction(XRD)

未注明发布机构, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

BS ISO 20203:2005(2006) Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium — Calcined of crystallite size of calcined petroleum coke by X - ray diffraction

RU-GOST R, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

GOST 22091.3-1984 X-ray devices. Methods of measuring radiation field and beam angle of X-radiation
GOST 20337-1974 X-ray devices. Terms and definitions
GOST 22091.2-1984 X-ray devices. The methods of measuring of the current and the voltage of injection of X-ray betatrons
GOST 22091.6-1984 X-ray devices. Methods of measuring X-radiation exposure dose power and X-radiation exposure dose per pulse
GOST R ISO 20203-2017 Carbonaceous materials for the production of aluminium. Calcined coke. Determination of crystallite size of calcined petroleum coke by X-ray diffraction
GOST R ISO 16258-1-2017 Workplace air. Analysis of respirable crystalline silica by X-ray diffraction. Part 1. Direct-on-filter method
GOST 22091.1-1984 X-ray devices. The methods of measuring of heater current and heater voltage
GOST R 8.698-2010 State system for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Dimensional parameters of nanoparticles and thin films. Method for measurement by means of a small angle X-ray scattering diffractometer

Professional Standard - Customs, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

HS/T 12-2006 Quantitative analysis of talc, chlorite, magnesite mixed phase.Method of X-ray diffractometer

VN-TCVN, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

TCVN 6596-2000 X ray diagnostic radiography and fluoroscopy.Generator, X ray tube, collimator.Test procedure

Group Standards of the People's Republic of China, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

T/IAWBS 017-2022 Test method for full width at half maximum of double crystal X-rayrocking curve of diamond single crystal substrate
T/IAWBS 015-2021 Test method for full width at half maximum of double crystal X-ray rocking curve of Ga2O3 single crystal substrate
T/IAWBS 016-2022 X-ray double crystal rocking curve FWHM test method for silicon carbide single wafer

Professional Standard - Chemical Industry, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

HG/T 6149-2023 Determination of Silica Crystal Phase Content in Hydrogenation Catalyst and Its Support X-ray Diffraction Method

Professional Standard - Electricity, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

DL/T 1151.22-2012 Analytical methods of scale and corrosion products in power plants.Part 22: standard test methods of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and X-ray diffraction

KR-KS, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

KS M ISO 20203-2016 Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium－Calcined coke－Determination of crystallite size(Lc) of calcined petroleum coke by X-ray diffraction
KS D ISO 14706-2003(2023)

Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS), X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

KS M ISO 20203-2016(2021) Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium－Calcined coke－Determination of crystallite size(Lc) of calcined petroleum coke by X-ray diffraction
KS M ISO 20203:2011 Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium-Calcined coke-Determination of crystallite size(Lc) of calcined petroleum coke by X-ray diffraction
KS M ISO 20203:2016 Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium－Calcined coke－Determination of crystallite size(Lc) of calcined petroleum coke by X-ray diffraction
KS A IEC 61137-2003(2013) Radiation protection instrumentation－Installed personnel surface contamination monitoring assembly－Low energy X and gamma emitters

Professional Standard - Petroleum, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

SY/T 5163-2010 Analysis method for clay minerals and ordinary non-clay minerals in sedimentary rocks by the X-ray diffraction
SY/T 6210-1996 X-ray Diffraction Quantitative Analysis Method of Total Clay Minerals and Common Non-clay Minerals in Sedimentary Rocks

国家能源局, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

SY/T 5163-2018 X-ray diffraction analysis method of clay minerals and common non-clay minerals in sedimentary rocks

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

IEC 61344:1996 Radiation protection instrumentation - Monitoring equipment - Personal warning devices for X and gamma radiations

SE-SIS, X-ray diffractometers and single crystals

SIS SS IEC 395:1983 Nuclear instrumentation - Portable X or gamma radiation exposure r?te meters and monitors for use in radiological protection