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Methods of Industrial Distillation
Methods of Industrial Distillation, Total:417 items.
In the international standard classification, Methods of Industrial Distillation involves: Waxes, bituminous materials and other petroleum products, Organic chemicals, Analytical chemistry, Crude petroleum, Equipment for petroleum and natural gas industries, Fertilizers, Inorganic chemicals, Water quality, Fuels, Insulating materials, Products of the chemical industry, Petroleum products in general, Construction materials, Road engineering, Pulps, Paper and board, Packaging and distribution of goods in general, Ferrous metals, Beverages, Burners. Boilers, Food products in general, Non-ferrous metals, Textile fibres, Coals, Paint ingredients, Products of the textile industry, Testing of metals, Non-metalliferous minerals, Metalliferous minerals, Lubricants, industrial oils and related products, Plastics, Acoustics and acoustic measurements, Internal combustion engines, Internal combustion engines for road vehicles, Shipbuilding and marine structures in general, Protective equipment, Wastes.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Methods of Industrial Distillation
- ASTM D850-21 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
- ASTM D850-03 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
- ASTM D850-99A Standard Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
- ASTM D850-02 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
- ASTM D850-00 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
- ASTM D850-02e1 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
- ASTM D850-18e1 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
- ASTM D850-18 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
- ASTM D850-11 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
- ASTM D850-16 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
- ASTM D5236-18 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)
- ASTM D5236-17 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)
- ASTM D5236-18a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)
- ASTM D2892-03 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)
- ASTM D2892-03a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)
- ASTM D5236-01 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)
- ASTM D5236-99ae1 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)
- ASTM D7345-07 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillation Method
- ASTM D7345-08 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillation Method
- ASTM D2892-01 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)
- ASTM D2892-99a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)
- ASTM D5236-02 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)
- ASTM D5236-03 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)
- ASTM D5236-03(2011) Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)
- ASTM D5236-03(2007) Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method)
- ASTM D7215-22 Standard Test Method for Calculated Flash Point from Simulated Distillation Analysis of Distillate Fuels
- ASTM D7345-16 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillation Method)
- ASTM D2892-15 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)
- ASTM D2892-17a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)
- ASTM D86-82e2 Standard Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
- ASTM D256-06ae1 Standard Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics
- ASTM D86-78 Standard Method for Distillation Of Petroleum Products
- ASTM D256-10(2018) Standard Test Method for Distillation of Pitch
- ASTM D2569-97(2002)e1 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Pitch
- ASTM D246-95e1 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Creosote and Creosote-Coal Tar Solutions
- ASTM D2569-97(2002) Standard Test Method for Distillation of Pitch
- ASTM D2569-97 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Pitch
- ASTM D4006-11 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation
- ASTM D4006-16e1 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation
- ASTM D20-03 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Road Tars
- ASTM D20-99 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Road Tars
- ASTM D86-90e2 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
- ASTM D86-93 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
- ASTM D86-96 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
- ASTM D6997-12(2020) Standard Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified Asphalt
- ASTM D20-20 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Road Tars
- ASTM D7345-14 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillation Method)
- ASTM D7345-17 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillation Method)
- ASTM D20-03(2009) Standard Test Method for Distillation of Road Tars
- ASTM D20-03(2014) Standard Test Method for Distillation of Road Tars
- ASTM D4006-81(2000)e1 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation
- ASTM D4006-81(2005) Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation
- ASTM D4006-11(2012) Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation
- ASTM D4006-22 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation
- ASTM D4006-11(2012)e1 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation
- ASTM D1160-03 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure
- ASTM D3117-96e1 Standard Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate Fuels
- ASTM D86-04a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D86-04 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D402-08 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Cutback Asphaltic (Bituminous) Products
- ASTM D1160-18 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure
- ASTM D3117-03 Standard Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate Fuels
- ASTM D402/D402M-14 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Cutback Asphalt
- ASTM D311-84 Standard test method for appearance of distilled fuel waxes
- ASTM D6468-99 Standard Test Method for High Temperature Stability of Distillate Fuels
- ASTM D6468-99(2004) Standard Test Method for High Temperature Stability of Distillate Fuels
- ASTM D6468-06 Standard Test Method for High Temperature Stability of Distillate Fuels
- ASTM D2462-90(1995) Standard Test Method for Moisture in Wool by Distillation With Toluene
- ASTM D2462-90(2001) Standard Test Method for Moisture in Wool by Distillation With Toluene
- ASTM D4006-16 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation
- ASTM D402-02 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Cut-Back Asphaltic (Bituminous) Products
- ASTM D86-05 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D86-03 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D86-01e1 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D86-00a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D86-02 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D402-97 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Cut-Back Asphaltic (Bituminous) Products
- ASTM D86-10 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D86-11b Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D86-12 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D7344-07 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure (Mini Method)
- ASTM D7344-11 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure (Mini Method)
- ASTM D7344-11a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure (Mini Method)
- ASTM D7344-08 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure (Mini Method)
- ASTM D86-04b Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D86-01 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D1078-11(2019) Standard Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Organic Liquids
- ASTM D976-21e1 Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels
- ASTM D1160-15 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure
- ASTM D2462-90(2008) Standard Test Method for Moisture in Wool by Distillation With Toluene
- ASTM D2462-22 Standard Test Method for Moisture in Wool by Distillation With Toluene
- ASTM D2462-13 Standard Test Method for Moisture in Wool by Distillation With Toluene
- ASTM D2889-95(2000) Standard Test Method for Calculation of True Vapor Pressures of Petroleum Distillate Fuels
- ASTM D2889-95(2005) Standard Test Method for Calculation of True Vapor Pressures of Petroleum Distillate Fuels
- ASTM D4006-07 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation
- ASTM D1093-04 Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues
- ASTM D1093-11(2017) Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues
- ASTM D2889-95(2019) Standard Test Method for Calculation of True Vapor Pressures of Petroleum Distillate Fuels
- ASTM D2889-95(2010) Standard Test Method for Calculation of True Vapor Pressures of Petroleum Distillate Fuels
- ASTM D1093-23 Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues
- ASTM D95-05(2010) Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
- ASTM D95-13e1 Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
- ASTM D1093-11 Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues
- ASTM D8150-22 Standard Test Method for Determination of Organic Chloride Content in Crude Oil by Distillation Followed by Detection Using Combustion Ion Chromatography
- ASTM D1093-04(2007) Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues
- ASTM D86-07a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D86-07 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D86-07b Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D2889-95(2005)e1 Standard Test Method for Calculation of True Vapor Pressures of Petroleum Distillate Fuels
- ASTM D1160-06 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure
- ASTM D1093-98 Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues
- ASTM D95-13(2018) Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
- ASTM D2889-95(2015) Standard Test Method for Calculation of True Vapor Pressures of Petroleum Distillate Fuels
- ASTM D86-15 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D850-03(2008)e1 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
- ASTM D7344-17 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Mini Method)
- ASTM D7344-17a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Mini Method)
- ASTM D95-99 Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
- ASTM D95-99e1 Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
- ASTM D3272-76(2003) Standard Practice for Vacuum Distillation of Solvents From Solvent-Reducible Paints For Analysis
- ASTM D246-04 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Creosote and Creosote-Coal Tar Solutions
- ASTM D86-23 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D246-04a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Creosote and Creosote-Coal Tar Solutions
- ASTM D86-10a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D322-97(2007) Standard Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Distillation
- ASTM D322-97 Standard Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Distillation
- ASTM D95-05 Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
- ASTM D95-05e1 Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
- ASTM D95-13 Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
- ASTM D95-23 Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
- ASTM D7403-09 Standard Test Method for Determination of Residue of Emulsified Asphalt by Low Temperature Vacuum Distillation
- ASTM D7344-14 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Mini Method)
- ASTM D86-19 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D86-20 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D5304-02 Standard Test Method for Assessing Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen Overpressure
- ASTM D5304-02a Standard Test Method for Assessing Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen Overpressure
- ASTM D86-20a Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D86-20b Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D86-17 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
- ASTM D7403-09(2017) Standard Test Method for Determination of Residue of Emulsified Asphalt by Low-Temperature Vacuum Distillation
- ASTM D7403-19 Standard Test Method for Determination of Residue of Emulsified Asphalt by Low Temperature Vacuum Distillation
- ASTM D322-97(2012) Standard Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Distillation
- ASTM D5348-95(2019) Standard Test Method for Determination of the Moisture Content of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils by Distillation with Xylene
- ASTM D5304-06 Standard Test Method for Assessing Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen Overpressure
- ASTM D4176-04(2019) Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
- ASTM D4176-20 Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
- ASTM D5348-95(2006) Standard Test Method for Determination of the Moisture Content of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils by Distillation with Xylene
- ASTM D5348-95 Standard Test Method for Determination of the Moisture Content of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils by Distillation with Xylene
- ASTM D5348-95(2001) Standard Test Method for Determination of the Moisture Content of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils by Distillation with Xylene
- ASTM D5348-95(2012) Standard Test Method for Determination of the Moisture Content of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils by Distillation with Xylene
- ASTM D2157-18 Standard Test Method for Effect of Air Supply on Smoke Density in Flue Gases from Burning Distillate Fuels
- ASTM D1159-01 Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration
- ASTM D8150-17 Standard Test Method for Determination of Organic Chloride Content in Crude Oil by Distillation Followed by Detection Using Combustion Ion Chromatography
- ASTM D4754-11 Standard Test Method for Two-Sided Liquid Extraction of Plastic Materials Using FDA Migration Cell
- ASTM D4754-98(2003) Standard Test Method for Two-Sided Liquid Extraction of Plastic Materials Using FDA Migration Cell
- ASTM D4754-98 Standard Test Method for Two-Sided Liquid Extraction of Plastic Materials Using FDA Migration Cell
- ASTM E1687-10 Standard Test Method for Determining Carcinogenic Potential of Virgin Base Oils in Metalworking Fluids
- ASTM D7284-13 Standard Test Method for Total Cyanide in Water by Micro Distillation followed by Flow Injection Analysis with Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
- ASTM D7284-08 Standard Test Method for Total Cyanide in Water by Micro Distillation followed by Flow Injection Analysis with Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
- ASTM D7284-08e1 Standard Test Method for Total Cyanide in Water by Micro Distillation followed by Flow Injection Analysis with Gas Diffusion Separation and Amperometric Detection
- ASTM D1159-23 Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration
BE-NBN, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- NBN T 04-301-1983 Urea for industrial use - Determination of nitrogen content - Titrimetric raethod after distillation
- NBN T 04-137-1983 Higher alcohols for industrial use - Determination of distillation yield
- NBN T 04-095-1983 Ethanol for industrial use - Estimation of hydrocarbons content - Distillation method
- NBN T 03-056-1979 Ammonium nitrate for industrial use - Determination of total nitrogen content - Titrimetric method after distillation
- NBN T 03-055-1979 Ammonium nitrate for industrial use - Determination of ammoniacal nitrogen content - Titrimetric method after distillation
- NBN T 03-069-1979 Ammonium sulphate for industrial use - Determination of ammoniacal nitrogen content - Titrimetric method after distillation
- NBN T 03-533-1985 Hexafluorosilicic acid for industrial use - Determination of available fluorine conten -Potentiometric method after distillation
- NBN T 02-103-1985 Volatile organic liquids for industrial use - Determination of distillation characteristics
- NBN T 04-007-1983 Formic acid for industrial use - Determination of low contents of other volatile acids - Titrimétric method after distillation
- NBN T 04-288-1985 Cresylic acid and xylenols for industrial use-Determination of residue on di stillation
- NBN T 04-287-1985 Cresylic acid and xylenols for industrial use- Determination of distillation characteristics
- NBN T 03-019-1979 Sulphuric acid and oleum for industrial use - Determination of total nitrogen content - Titrimetric method after distillation
- NBN T 03-081-1979 Ammonium hydrogen carbonate for industrial use (including food-stuffs) - Determination of ammoniacal nitrogen content - Titrimetric method after distillation
Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS), Methods of Industrial Distillation
- KS M 1922-2002(2007) Urea for industrial use－Determination of nitrogen content－Titrimetric method after distillation
- KS M ISO 1388-10:2002 Ethanol for industrial use－Methods of test－Part 10：Estimation of hydrocarbons content－Distillation method
- KS M ISO 1388-10:2017 Ethanol for industrial use — Methods of test — Part 10: Estimation of hydrocarbons content — Distillation method
- KS M 1922-2009 Urea for industrial use－Determination of nitrogen content－Titrimetric method after distillation
- KS M 0008-2010(2020) Test methods for distillation of chemical products
- KS M 0008-1995 Test methods for distillation of chemical products
- KS M ISO 1388-10-2017(2022) Ethanol for industrial use — Methods of test — Part 10: Estimation of hydrocarbons content — Distillation method
- KS M ISO 3332:2012 Ammonium sulphate for industrial use－Determination of ammoniacal nitrogen content－Titrimetric method after distillation
- KS M ISO 3332-2017(2022) Ammonium sulphate for industrial use — Determination of ammoniacal nitrogen content — Titrimetric method after distillation
- KS M ISO 8661-2007(2017) Carprolactam for industrial use－Determination of volatile bases content－Titrimetric method after distillation
- KS M ISO 3332:2017 Ammonium sulphate for industrial use — Determination of ammoniacal nitrogen content — Titrimetric method after distillation
- KS M 2257-2007 Testing method for distillation of cut-back asphaltic products
- KS M 2257-2007(2017) Testing method for distillation of cut-back asphaltic products
- KS M ISO 9184-1:2006 Paper, board and pulps-Fibre furnish analysis-Part 1:General method
- KS M ISO 9184-1:2016 Paper, board and pulps－Fibre furnish analysis－Part 1：General method
- KS M ISO 918-2017(2022) Volatile organic liquids for industrial use－Determination of distillation characteristics
- KS M ISO 8661:2007 Carprolactam for industrial use－Determination of volatile bases content－Titrimetric method after distillation
- KS M ISO 8661-2007(2022) Carprolactam for industrial use－Determination of volatile bases content－Titrimetric method after distillation
- KS F 2396-2004 Standard practice for recovery of asphalt from solution using the rotary evaporator
- KS M 2457-2003 Test method for chlorine content of light and middle distillates by oxidative microcoulometry
- KS K 0764-2015 Test method for swell index of clay mineral component of geosynthetic clay liner：Immersion methods in distilled water
- KS K 0764-2011 Test method for swell index of clay mineral component of geosynthetic clay liner:Immersion methods in distilled water
- KS M 2119-2007(2022) Petroleum distillates and commercial aliphatic olefins－Determination of bromine number－Electrometric method
- KS I ISO 10359-2:2008 Water quality-Determination of fluoride-Part 2:Determination of inorganically bound total fluoride after digestion and distillation
- KS M 2119-2007(2017) Petroleum distillates and commercial aliphatic olefins－Determination of bromine number－Electrometric method
- KS M ISO 7109:2002 Ammonia solution for industrial use－Determination of residue after evaporation at 105 ℃－Gravimetric method
- KS M ISO 7109:2017 Ammonia solution for industrial use — Determination of residue after evaporation at 105℃ — Gravimetric method
- KS M ISO 759-2017(2022) Volatile organic liquids for industrial use — Determination of dry residue after evaporation on water bath — General method
- KS I 3206-2008 Testing method for industrial water
- KS M 1953-2012 Methanol for industrial use-Methods of te
- KS I 3217-2008(2018) Testing methods for industrial wastewater
- KS I 3206-2008(2018) Testing method for industrial water
- KS M ISO 7109-2017(2022) Ammonia solution for industrial use — Determination of residue after evaporation at 105℃ — Gravimetric method
- KS M ISO 759:2007 Volatile organic liquids for industrial use－Determination of dry residue after evaporation on water bath－General method
- KS M ISO 759:2017 Volatile organic liquids for industrial use — Determination of dry residue after evaporation on water bath — General method
- KS I 5201-2008 Sampling method of industrial wastes
- KS M 1953-2016 Methanol for industrial use－Methods of te
- KS I 3214-2010 Sampling methods for industrial water and industrial wastewater
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People‘s Republic of China, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- GB/T 3146.1-2010 Industrial aromatic hydrocarbons and related materials.Determination of distillation range.Part 1:Distillation method
- GB/T 8156.3-1987 Methods for chemical analysis of aluminum fluoride for industrial use--The distillation-thorium nitrate volumetric method for the determination of fluoride content
- GB/T 13255.4-1991 Caprolactam for industrial use--Determination of volatile bases content--Tithimetric method after distillation
- GB/T 13255.4-2009 Test methods of caprolactam for industrial use.Part 4:Determination of volatile bases content.Titrimetric method after distillation
- GB/T 18589-2001 Correction of atmospheric pressure for distillation test of products of coal carbonization
- GB/T 5009.48-2003 Method for analysis of hygienic standard of distilled wines and mixed wines
- GB/T 23952-2009 Inorganic chemicals for industrial use.General method for the determination of total nitrogen content.Distillation-acid-base titrations method
- GB/T 23772-2009 Inorganic chemicals for industrial use.General method for the determination of total nitrogen content.Nessler's reagent colorimetric method
- GB/T 21994.3-2008 Chemical analysis of magnesium fluoride.Part 3:Determination of fluoride content.Distillation-thorium nitrate titration volumetric method
- GB/T 22660.3-2008 Chemical analysis methods of lithium fluoride.Part3:Determination of fluoride content.Distillation-thorium nitrate titration volumetric method
- GB/T 1819.5-2004 Methods for chemical analysis of tin concentrates Determination of arsenic content-The molybdoantimonyarsenate blue spectrophotometric method and the distillation-iodimetric titrimetric method
- GB/T 16484.13-2009 Chemical analysis methods of rare earth chloride and light rare earth carbonate.Part 13:Determination of ammonium chloride content.Distillation-titrimetry
- GB/T 11135-2013 Standard test method for bromine numbers of petroleum distillates and commercial aliphatic olefins by electrometric titration
- GB/T 212-2001 Proximate analysis of coal
- GB/T 212-2008 Proximate analysis of coal
- GB/T 30732-2014 Proximate analysis of coal.Instrumental method
- GB/T 17418.5-2010 Methods for analysis of noble metals in geochemical samples.Part 5:Determination of ruthenium and osmium content.Separationby distillation-catalytic spectrophometric method
RU-GOST R, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- GOST R 50568.1-1993 Urea for industrial use. Determination of nitrogen content. Titrimetric method after distillation
- GOST 25742.1-1983 Methanol poison, technical. Method for determination of distillation temperature ranges
- GOST 32467-2013 Urea for industrial use. Determination of nitrogen content. Titrimetric method after distillation
- GOST 29302-1992 Ammonium nitrate for industrial use. Method for determination of total nitrogen content (titrimetric) after distillation
- GOST 29304-1992 Ammonium nitrate for industrial use. Method for determination of ammoniacal nitrogen content (titrimetric) after distillation
- GOST R 50263-1992 Volatile organic liquids for industrial use. Determination of distillation characteristics
- GOST 26449.0-1985 Stationary distillation desalting units. General requirements for chemical analysis methods at saline water desalination
- GOST R 53707-2009 Petroleum products. Method of distillation at atmospheric pressure
- GOST 11244-1976 Petroleum. Method for the determination of distillation and residue oils potential content
- GOST R EN ISO 3405-2007 Petroleum products. Method for determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure
- GOST 26449.1-1985 Stationary distillation desalting units. Methods of saline water chemical analysis
- GOST 3168-1993 Solid mineral fuels. Methods for determination of the yield of products by low temperature distillation
- GOST R 51946-2002 Petroleum products and bituminous materials. Method for determination of water by distillation
- GOST 29172-1991 Liquid halogenated hydrocarbons for industrial use. Determination of residue on evaporation
- GOST R 53714-2009 Motor fuels, aviation fuels and low-boiling distillates. Method for determination of existent gums by jet evaporation
- GOST 30181.9-1994 Mineral fertilizers. Method for determination of total mass fraction of nitrogen in compound fertilizers (distillation method using the chromium reduction of nitrate nitrogen and mineralization of organic nitrogen)
- GOST 30575-1998 Marine, lokomotive and industrial diesel engines. Methods of measuring and estimating airborne noise
- GOST 32303-2011 Thermal insulating products for building equipment and industrial installations. Method for determination of water vapour transmission properties of preformed pipe insulation
- GOST 12.4.161-1975 Occupational safety standards system. Industrial filtering gas masks and respirators. Method of testing all-service canisters protection time against mercury vapours
KR-KS, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- KS M ISO 1388-10-2017 Ethanol for industrial use — Methods of test — Part 10: Estimation of hydrocarbons content — Distillation method
- KS M ISO 3332-2017 Ammonium sulphate for industrial use — Determination of ammoniacal nitrogen content — Titrimetric method after distillation
- KS M ISO 918-2017 Volatile organic liquids for industrial use－Determination of distillation characteristics
- KS M ISO 6297-2003(2023)
- KS M ISO 7109-2017 Ammonia solution for industrial use — Determination of residue after evaporation at 105℃ — Gravimetric method
- KS M ISO 759-2017 Volatile organic liquids for industrial use — Determination of dry residue after evaporation on water bath — General method
YU-JUS, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- JUS H.B8.253-1983 Methanol for industrial use. Determmation of methanol content. Distillation method
- JUS H.B8.257-1983 Methanol for industrial use. Determination of residue on evaporation. Gravimetric method
- JUS H.B8.240-1988 Ethanol forindustriafuse. Estimation of hydrocarbons content. Distilfation method
- JUS H.B8.205-1984 Acetic acid for industrial use. Determination of residue on evaporation. Gravimetric method
- JUS H.B8.013-1981 Sulphuric acid and oleum for industrial u se. Determination of total nitrogen content Titrimetric method after distilation
- JUS H.B8.031-1984 Volatile organic liquids for industrial use. Determination of dry residue after evaporation on a water bath. General method
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Methods of Industrial Distillation
- ISO 1388-10:1981 Ethanol for industrial use; Methods of test; Part 10 : Estimation of hydrocarbons content; Distillation method
- ISO 1592:1977 Urea for industrial use; Determination of nitrogen content; Titrimetric method after distillation
- ISO 1843-7:1982 Higher alcohols for industrial use; Methods of test; Part 7 : Determination of distillation yield
- ISO 3331:1975 Ammonium nitrate for industrial use — Determination of total nitrogen content — Titrimetric method after distillation
- ISO 3330:1975 Ammonium nitrate for industrial use; Determination of ammoniacal nitrogen content; Titrimetric method after distillation
- ISO 3332:1975 Ammonium sulphate for industrial use; Determination of ammoniacal nitrogen content; Titrimetric method after distillation
- ISO 918:1983 Volatile organic liquids for industrial use; Determination of distillation characteristics
- ISO 8661:1988 Caprolactam for industrial use; determination of volatile bases content; titrimetric method after distillation
- ISO 6677:1983 Hexafluorosilicic acid for industrial use; Determination of available fluorine content; Potentiometric method after distillation
- ISO 914:1977 Sulphuric acid and oleum for industrial use; Determination of total nitrogen content; Titrimetric method after distillation
- ISO 731-7:1977 Formic acid for industrial use; methods of test; Part VII : Determination of low contents of other volatile acids; Titrimetric method after distillation
- ISO 2515:1973 Ammonium hydrogen carbonate for industrial use (including foodstuffs); Determination of ammoniacal nitrogen content; Volumetric method after distillation
- ISO 10359-2:1994 Water quality - Determination of fluoride - Part 2: Determination of inorganically bound total fluoride after digestion and distillation
- ISO 7109:1985 Ammonia solution for industrial use; Determination of residue after evaporation at 105 degrees C; Gravimetric method
- ISO 4276:1978 Anhydrous ammonia for industrial use; Evaluation of residue on evaporation; Gravimetric method
- ISO/TR 19686-1:2014 Petroleum products - Equivalency of test method determining the same property - Part 1: Atmospheric distillation of petroleum products
- ISO 759:1981 Volatile organic liquids for industrial use; Determination of dry residue after evaporation on water bath; General method
- ISO 1897-12:1983 Phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, cresylic acid and xylenols for industrial use; Methods of test; Part 12 : Determination of distillation characteristics (Cresylic acid and xylenols only)
- ISO 1897-13:1983 Phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, cresylic acid and xylenols for industrial use; Methods of test; Part 13 : Determination of residue on distillation (Cresylic acid and xylenols only)
AENOR, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- UNE 58441:1989 INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS. DIMENSIONS OF STILLAGES. CONNECTION GAUGE
- UNE 30212:1964 METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL FORMOL.
- UNE 55820:1985 SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS. ETHANOL TO BE USED AS RAW-MATERIAL IN DETERGENT FORMULATIONS. ESTIMATION OF HYDROCARBONS CONTENT. DISTILATION METHOD
Professional Standard - Chemical Industry, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- HG/T 2158-1991 Determination of ammonium in industrial circulating cooling water Distillation-titration method
- HG/T 2158-2011 Determination of ammonium in industrial circulating cooling water Distillation and titration
BR-ABNT, Methods of Industrial Distillation
Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC), Methods of Industrial Distillation
- JIS K 0066:1992 Test methods for distillation of chemical products
- JIS K 2254:1990 Petroleum products -- Determination of distillation characteristics
- JIS K 2605:1996 Petroleum distillates and commercial aliphatic olefins -- Determination of bromine number -- Electrometric method
- JIS K 1468-2:1999 Acid-grade fluorspar -- Method for chemical analysis Part 2: Determination of available fluorine content -- Potentiometric method after distillation
- JIS K 0094:1994 Sampling methods for industrial water and industrial wastewater
- JIS K 0102:1993 Testing methods for industrial wastewater
- JIS K 0102:1998 Testing methods for industrial wastewater
- JIS K 0101:1998 Testing methods for industrial water
- JIS K 0102:2008 Testing methods for industrial wastewater
- JIS K 0102:2013 Testing methods for industrial wastewater
- JIS K 0102:2016 Testing methods for industrial wastewater
- JIS K 0060:1992 Sampling method of industrial wastes
TH-TISI, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- TIS 1771-1999 Ammonium sulphate for industrial use.determination of ammoniacal nitrogen content.titrimetric method after distillation
- TIS 1275-1995 Standard test method for distillation of cut-back asphalt
- TIS 1685-1998 Volatile organic liquids for industrial use.determination of distillation characteristics
- TIS 1673-1998 Caprolactam for industrial use.determination of volatile bases content.titrimetric method after distillation
- TIS 1182.11-1998 Standard test methods for petroleum and petroleum product.part 11: distillation
- TIS 1921-1999 Volatile organic liquids for industrial use.determination of dry residue after evaporation on a water bath.general method
Indonesia Standards, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- SNI 06-0706-1999 Test method for distillation of petroleum products
- SNI 2490-2008 Testing methodes for water content of asphalt and material contain asphalt by using of destilation method
Professional Standard - Ferrous Metallurgy, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- YB/T 5283-1999 Method for Determination of Distillation Range of Industrial Quinoline
Standard Association of Australia （SAA）, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- AS 1050.12:1983/Amdt 1:1984
- AS 1050.12:1983 Methods for the analysis of iron and steel - Determination of nitrogen in steel (steam distillation titrimetric method)
- AS 2341.15:2023 Methods of testing bitumen and related roadmaking products, Method 15: Distillation of cutback bitumen
- AS 2341.15:1994 Methods of testing bitumen and roadmaking products - Distillation of cutback bitumen
- AS 2300.1.2.2:2008 Methods of chemical and physical testing for the
dairying industry
Method 1.2.2: General methods and principles-
Determination of nitrogen—Nitrogen fractions
from milk
Danish Standards Foundation, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- DS/ISO 918:1986 Volatile organic liquids for industrial use. Determination of distillation characteristics
- DS/ISO 759:1986 Volatile organic liquids for industrial use. Determination of dry residue after evaporation on water bath. General method
British Standards Institution (BSI), Methods of Industrial Distillation
- BS EN 1431:2000 Methods of test for petroleum and its products - Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of recovered binder and oil distillate from bitumen emulsions by distillation
- BS EN ISO 9029:1997 Methods of test for petroleum and its products. Crude petroleum. Determination of water. Distillation method
- BS 4591:1990 Method for determination of distillation characteristics of organic liquids (other than petroleum products)
- BS 5551-4.1.3:1986 Fertilizers. Chemical analysis. Determination of nitrogen. Method for determination of total nitrogen content (titrimetric method after distillation)
- BS 2000-27:1993 Methods of test for petroleum and its products - Determination of distillation characteristics of cutback bitumen
- BS 2000-74:2000 Methods of test for petroleum and its products. Petroleum products and bituminous materials. Determination of water. Distillation method
- BS 2000-195:1998 Methods of test for petroleum and its products - Determination of distillation characteristics of volatile organic liquids
- BS PD ISO/TR 19686-1:2014 Petroleum products. Equivalency of test method determining the same property. Atmospheric distillation of petroleum products
- BS EN ISO 3405:2000 Methods of test for petroleum and its products - Petroleum products - Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure
- PD ISO/TR 19686-1:2014 Petroleum products. Equivalency of test method determining the same property. Atmospheric distillation of petroleum products
- BS 2000-342:2000 Methods of test for petroleum and its products - Determination of thiol (mercaptan) sulfur in light and middle distillate fuels - Potentiometric method
- BS PD ISO/TS 17951-2:2016 Water quality. Determination of fluoride using flow analysis (FIA and CFA). Method using continuous flow analysis (CFA) with automated in-line distillation
- BS 2000-274:1999 Methods of test for petroleum and its products - Petroleum products - Aviation and distillate fuels - Determination of electrical conductivity
- BS EN 772-15:2000 Methods of test for masonry units - Determination of water vapour permeability of autoclaved aerated concrete masonry units
- BS 6068-2.48:1995 Water quality. Physical, chemical and biochemical methods. Determination of inorganically bound total fluoride after digestion and distillation
- BS 6068 Sec.2.7:1984 Water quality. Physical, chemical and biochemical methods. Determination of ammonium: distillation and titration method
- BS EN 1428:2000 Methods of test for petroleum and its products - Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of water content in bitumen emulsions - Azeotropic distillation method
- BS 2000-130:1998 Methods of test for petroleum and its products - Petroleum products - Determination of bromine number of distillates and aliphatic olefins - Electrometric method
- BS 6068-2.12:1990 Water quality. Physical, chemical and biochemical methods. Determination of phenol index: 4-aminoantipyrine (4-aminophenazone) spectrometric methods after distillation
Canadian General Standards Board （CGSB), Methods of Industrial Distillation
Association Francaise de Normalisation, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- NF T20-538:1984 Hexafluorosilic acid for industrial use. Determination of available fluorine content. Potentiometric method after disitllation.
- NF T20-608:1984 Volatile organic liquids for industrial use. Determination of distillation characteristics.
- NF M07-004:1998 Petroleum products. Gum content of light and middle distillate fuels. Jet evaporation method.
- NF T20-606:1982 Volatile organic liquids for industrial use. Determination of dry residue after evaporation on a water bath-general method.
- NF T20-242:1982 Liquid chlorine for industrial use. Determination of the content of chlorine by volume in the vaporized product.
- NF P12-115*NF EN 772-15:2001 Methods of test for masonry units - Part 15 : determination of water vapour permeability of autoclaved aerated concrete masonry units
- NF E29-309*NF EN 12570:2001 Industrial valves - Method for sizing the operating element
Anhui Provincial Standard of the People's Republic of China, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- DB34/T 2499-2015 Determination of Volatile Fatty Acids in Liquor Industrial Wastewater by Acidification Distillation Titration
AASHTO - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- T 78-2014 Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Cutback Asphalt Products
- T 78-2010 Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Cutback Asphaltic (Bituminous) Products
- T 78-2005 Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Cutback Asphaltic (Bituminous) Products
- T 55-2002 Standard Method of Test for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
- T62-1986 Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Creosote and Creosote- Coal Tar Solutions
- T78-1996 Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Cutback Asphaltic (Bituminous) Products (Twentieth Edition; ASTM D402-94)
- T 78-1996 Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Cutback Asphaltic (Bituminous) Products (HM-22; Part IIA; ASTM Designation D 402-94)
- T55-1989 Standard Method of Test for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation (Twentieth Edition; ASTM D95-83(1990))
- T 62-1986 Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Creosote and Creosote-Coal Tar Solutions (HM-22; Part IIA; ASTM Designation D 246-89)
The American Road & Transportation Builders Association, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- AASHTO T 78-2014 Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Cutback Asphalt Products
- AASHTO T 78-2015 Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Cutback Asphalt Products
- AASHTO T 78-2010 Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Cutback Asphaltic (Bituminous) Products
- AASHTO T 55-2002 Standard Method of Test for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
- AASHTO T 78-1996 Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Cutback Asphaltic (Bituminous) Products HM-22; Part IIA; ASTM Designation D 402-94 R(2000)
RO-ASRO, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- STAS SR ISO 918:1994 Volatile organic liquids for industrial use - Determination of distillation characteristics
- STAS SR ISO 759:1994 Volatile organic liquids for industrial use - Determination of dry residue after evaporation on a water bath - General method
- STAS 9317/1-1987 Joinery for non industrial and industrial buildings WOODEN WINDOWS Methods for quality checking up
- STAS 9317/2-1987 Joinery for non inudustrial and industrial buildings WOODEN DOORS Methods for quality checking up
TR-TSE, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- TS 1958-1975 CRESYLIC ACID AND XYLENOLS FOR INDUSTRIAL USE DETERMINATION OF RESIDUE ON DISTILLATION
CZ-CSN, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- CSN 56 0210 Cast.8-1985 Testing methods of alcoholic beverages. Determination of aldehydes in wine distillate
- CSN 56 0210 Cast.11-1986 Testing methods of alcoholic beverages. Determination of fural in brandy and wine distillate
- CSN 56 0210 Cast.10-1986 Testing methods of alcoholic beverages. Determination of high molecular weight alcohols in brandy and wine distillate
- CSN 68 1153-1994 Testing methods for surfactans and detergents. Surface active agents and soaps. Determination of water content. Azeo- ropic distillation method
- CSN ISO 759:1993 Volatile organic liquids for industrial use - Determination of dry residue after evaporation on a water bath - General method
VE-FONDONORMA, Methods of Industrial Distillation
IN-BIS, Methods of Industrial Distillation
Professional Standard - Agriculture, Methods of Industrial Distillation
Professional Standard - Rare Earth, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- XB/T 615-2012 Chemical analysis method of rare earths fluoride.Determination of fluorine content.Water vapor distillation-EDTA titration
- XB/T 614.4-2011 Chemical analysis method of gadolinium-magnesium alloy.Part 4:Determination of fluorine content.Water vapor distillation spectrophotometry
GOSTR, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- GOST 11244-2018 Petroleum. Method for determination of potential content of distillation and residue oils
PT-IPQ, Methods of Industrial Distillation
CU-NC, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- NC 54-49-1986 Construction Materials and Products. Destillation of Asphaltic Materials. Test Method
- NC 41-61-1988 Footwear and Leather Industry Determination of Water Vapor Permeability. Testinq Methods
American National Standards Institute （ANSI), Methods of Industrial Distillation
- ANSI/ASTM D2624:2021 Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
- ANSI/ASTM E1687:2010 Test Method for Determining Carcinogenic Potential of Virgin Base Oils in Metalworking Fluids
API - American Petroleum Institute, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- API STD 2560-1970 STANDARD METHOD OF TEST FOR WATER IN PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND BITUMINOUS MATERIALS BY DISTILLATION
- API MPMS 10.2-2013 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 10.2 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation (THIRD EDITION)
- API MPMS 10.2-2016 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 10.2 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation (FOURTH EDITION)
VN-TCVN, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- TCVN 2698-2011 Standard Test method for distillation of petroleum products at atmospheric pressure
- TCVN 2692-2007 Petroleum products and bituminous materials.Test method for determination of water by distillation
Professional Standard - Urban Construction, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- CJ 26.27-1991 Municipal sewage water quality inspection method standard Determination of total nitrogen Titration method after distillation
- CJ 26.8-1991 Water quality inspection methods for urban sewage Standard determination of volatile phenols Distilled 4-aminoantipyrine spectrophotometric method
ES-AENOR, Methods of Industrial Distillation
HU-MSZT, Methods of Industrial Distillation
German Institute for Standardization, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- DIN 55962:1999 Binders for paints and varnishes - Distilled dehydrated castor acid - Requirements and methods of test
- DIN 55964:1993 Binders for paints and varnishes; distilled soya bean fatty acid; requirements and methods of test
Military Standard of the People's Republic of China-General Armament Department, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- GJB 770.307-1989 Test methods for gunpowder analysis: Determination of the content of diphenylamine and No. 2 fixative in propellants Steam distillation-spectrophotometry
工业和信息化部, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- QB/T 5568-2021 Energy detection and evaluation method for papermaking industry cooking system
- YB/T 4909.2-2021 Analytical Methods for Calcium-Based Desulfurizers for Pretreatment of Steelmaking Water Part 2: Determination of Calcium Fluoride Content Distillation-Zirconium Salt Titration Method
Professional Standard - Geology, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- DZ/T 0064.86-2021 Methods of Analysis of Groundwater Quality Part 86: Determination of Cyanide Flow Injection On-line Distillation Method
- DZ/T 0064.85-2021 Methods of Analysis of Groundwater Quality Part 85: Determination of Volatile Phenols by Flow Injection On-line Distillation
ASHRAE - American Society of Heating@ Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers@ Inc., Methods of Industrial Distillation
Professional Standard - Non-ferrous Metal, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- YS/T 535.2-2009 Chemical analysis methods of sodium fluoride.Part 2:Determination of fluorine content.Distillation-thorium nitrate volumetric method
NL-NEN, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- NEN 887-1972 Solvents for the paint industry. Requirements and test methods. Wood turpentine, steam-
未注明发布机构, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- BS 1428-B2:1960(2007) Specification for Ammonia distillation apparatus (Markham) — Microchemical apparatus — Group B : apparatus for the determination of elements by other than combustion methods
GM Daewoo, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- GMKOREA EDS-T-7708-2011 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products (Version 4; English/Korean; Do Not Use on New Program; No Replacement.)
Professional Standard - Coal, Methods of Industrial Distillation
- MT/T 1087-2008 Test methods for proximate analysis of coal by instruments